AP Bio: Unit 1

Question 1

Covalent bond

Answer 1

Bond where electrons are SHARED inside a MOLECULE

Question 2

Ionic bond

Answer 2

Bond where electrons are OPPOSITELY CHARGED inside a MOLECULE. “Opposites attract”

Question 3

Peptide bond

Answer 3

Bond inside a PROTEIN of 2 AMINO ACIDS

Question 4

Hydrogen bond

Answer 4

Bond where other atoms are covalently bonded. Between MOLECULES.

Question 5

Polypeptide bond

Answer 5

MANY amino acids linked together

Question 6

Null hypothesis

Answer 6

A hypothesis that says there is NO effect on what’s being tested

Question 7

Polar attracts…

Answer 7

Polar. LIKE ATTRACTS LIKE

Question 8

Macromolecules

Answer 8

COMPLEX molecules: proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids

Question 9

The structure of a molecule…

Answer 9

DETERMINES how it FUNCTIONS

Question 10

Monomer

Answer 10

A simple MOLECULE that can build up

Question 11

Polymer

Answer 11

A single VERY LARGE MOLECULE

Question 12

Carbohydrates

Answer 12

Made of monosaccharides

Question 13

Nucleic Acids

Answer 13

Nucleotides

Question 14

Proteins

Answer 14

Amino Acids

Question 15

Lipids

Answer 15

Glycerol and Fatty Acids

Question 16

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 16

Process to create a POLYMER that produces WATER as well

Question 17

Hydrolysis

Answer 17

Process to break a POLYMER that removes WATER as well

Question 18

Adenine goes with…

Answer 18

Thymine

Question 19

Guanine goes with…

Answer 19

Cytosine

Question 20

Primary structure

Answer 20

SEQUENCE: The SEQUENCE of AMINO ACIDS. The ORDER determines the FUNCTION of the protein.

Question 21

Secondary structure

Answer 21

PATTERN: Folding of the protein chain into ALPHA HELICES or BETA PLEATED shapes. STABILIZE PROTEIN and SHAPE it into more complex forms.

Question 22

Tertiary structure

Answer 22

SHAPE: The OVERALL 3D SHAPE. Determined by interactions of the side chains.

Question 23

Quaternary structure

Answer 23

CREATING: The ARRANGEMENT of protein subunits into a LARGER complex.

Question 24

Amino acids are categorized by…

Answer 24

The NATURE of their SIDE CHAINS.

Question 25

R Group

Answer 25

The FILL IN THE BLANK GROUP attached to the molecule that DETERMINES its FUNCTIONS.

Question 26

AA Property Categorizations

Answer 26

Nonpolar, polar, positively charged, negatively charged

Question 27

Nonpolar

Answer 27

EVEN sharing of electrons. “No Poles/Pulls” - no distinct charge. HYDROPHOBLIC

Question 28

Polar

Answer 28

UNEQUAL sharing of electrons. “Poles/Pulls” - neg/pos charge. HYDROPHILLIC

Question 29

More hydrogen bonds…

Answer 29

More STABLE. Makes substance STRONGER with them.

Question 30

CARB: func & makeup

Answer 30

Energy. CHO

Question 31

PRO: func & makeup

Answer 31

Building block. CHON

Question 32

NA: func & makeup

Answer 32

DNA/RNA. CHONP

Question 33

LIPID: func & makeup

Answer 33

Fats/store energy. CHO/NP (sometimes)

Question 34

Cohesion

Answer 34

Caused by hydrogen bonding to be attracted to each other

Question 35

Adhesion

Answer 35

Can stick to other things

Question 36

High Specific Heat Capacity

Answer 36

Hydrogen molecules add strength to the substance they are IN. # of energy to change states.

Question 37

Ice

Answer 37

POLARITY, LATTICE structure.

Question 38

Universal Solvent

Answer 38

POLARITY. can break down both regions thru just water molecule

Question 39

How to tell unsaturated

Answer 39

Double bond