Unit 4

Question 1

Interphase

Answer 1

Cell is growing & copying its DNA

Question 2

Mitotic

Answer 2

Cell separates its DNA into 2 sets, divides w/ cytoplasm

Question 3

G1

Answer 3

Cell gets larger. Copies organelles. Makes molecular building blocks.

Question 4

S

Answer 4

Synthesizes a FULL copy of DNA in nucleus. Duplicates centrosomes (helps separate DNA during M phase).

Question 5

G2

Answer 5

Cell grows more. More proteins + organelles. Reorganizes to prepare for mitosis.

Question 6

G0

Answer 6

Resting phase for cells that don’t divide or don’t need to at the moment.

Question 7

Prophase

Answer 7

Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes. Nuclear envelope breaks down. Spindle apparatus begins to form

Question 8

Metaphase

Answer 8

Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell.

Question 9

Anaphase

Answer 9

Sister chromatids separate at the centromere. Pulled to opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibers.

Question 10

Telophase

Answer 10

New nuclear envelopes form around each set of chromosomes. Chromosomes begin to decondense. Spindle apparatus breaks down.

Question 11

Cytokinesis

Answer 11

Cytoplasm dividing to create 2 daughter cells.

Question 12

Ligand

Answer 12

Signaling molecule

Question 13

Signal Reception

Answer 13

Ligands released by signal cell > travel to target cell > bind on receptors > activate receptors

Question 14

Signal transduction

Answer 14

Receptor activated > proteins and molecules relay the signal inside the cell (amplifying/preparing it for a cellular response)

Question 15

Cellular response

Answer 15

Signal reaches target > response triggered

Question 16

Signal termination

Answer 16

Deactivating receptor or breaking down signaling molecules

Question 17

Phosphorylation

Answer 17

Adding phosphates (from ATP) to proteins, altering their activity and allowing the signal to move through the cell