Unit 6 Flashcards

Question

Describe the mitochondria structure

Answer 1

Double membrane (outer and inner) Cristae and matrix Like prokaryotes it has circular DNA, 70 S ribosomes, prokaryotic tRNA, rRNA

Answer 2

Cellular respiration Membrane contains ATP and converts ATP to ATP(adds a third phosphate to ADP) Produces heat

Answer 3

In Plants and some proteins Like mitochondria, chloroplast have: Its own genome, circular DNA, 70 S ribosomes, its own rRNA and tRNA Thylakoid membranes

Answer 4

Photosynthesis Converts light energy into chemical energy Carbon fixation Uses carbon from CO2 to produce sugars

Answer 5

Functions vary but are primarily temporary or long-term storage Examples: Food vacuoles -phagocytosis; phagosomes fuse with lysosomes; phagolysosomes digest stuff Contractile vacuoles – collect water and pump it out of protozoa cells Central vacuoles (in plants)

Answer 6

A fluid filled sack, enclosed by a limited by layer membrane

Answer 7

Structure: Membrane bound, organelle in the cytoplasm Functions: Oxidation Produces reactive, oxygen species to breakdown fatty acids Convert hydrogen peroxide back into water Reduces reactive, oxygen species Makes long chain fatty acids Produced bile (in liver cells)

Answer 8

Endosymbiosis theory: ( how eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes) The plasma membrane of an early ancestor of eukaryotes is invaginated to form the endomembrane system. The Ancestor engulfed an oxygen-using non-photosynthetic prokaryotic cell The engulfed cell formed a dependent relationship with the host cell, becoming in endosymbiont The endosymbionts evolved into mitochondria At least one of these cells may have taken a photosynthetic prokaryote, which evolved into a chloroplast.

Answer 9

The ancestral eukaryote cell that gave rise to animals/humans did not engulf a photosynthetic bacteria, which was the origin of chloroplast

Answer 10

Why Mitochondria and chloroplast have DNA Why mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA is circular, like prokaryotes Why mitochondria and chloroplast have ribosomes, and why they are like prokaryote ribosomes Why all chloroplast – containing cells also have mitochondria, but not all mitochondrial cells have chloroplasts Why the nuclear envelope has two lipid by layers Why the inside of the end membrane system is most similar to the outside surface of the plasma and memory (Two lipid bilayer) bc It originated from the engulfment of a prokaryotic cell by a larger cell, resulting in the inner membrane being derived from prokaryote cell membrane in the outer membrane being derived from the hosts compare and contrast plasma membrane.

Answer 11

Why Mitochondria and chloroplast have DNA Why mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA is circular, like prokaryotes Why mitochondria and chloroplast have ribosomes, and why they are like prokaryote ribosomes Why all chloroplast – containing cells also have mitochondria, but not all mitochondrial cells have chloroplasts Why the nuclear envelope has two lipid by layers Why the inside of the end membrane system is most similar to the outside surface of the plasma and memory (Two lipid bilayer) bc It originated from the engulfment of a prokaryotic cell by a larger cell, resulting in the inner membrane being derived from prokaryote cell membrane in the outer membrane being derived from the hosts compare and contrast plasma membrane.

Answer 12

Microfilaments: made of acting, 7 nm, cell shape, and motility. Acting microfilaments, structure and mobility. Microtubules : made of tubulin, 25 nm tubes, cell shape, mitosis, vesicle trafficking. Structure, intercellular and molecular motility. Intermediate filliments: 8 to 12 nm, cell shape, structure, and support.

Answer 13

1. Extracellular matrix (EMC) The EMC is made up of glycol proteins, such as collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectin EMC proteins bind to receptor proteins in the plasma membrane called integrins.

Answer 14

2. Cell walls. Cell walls provide extra cellular, structure, support, and protection Make sure the cell doesn’t swell too much hypnotic solutions Plants: cellulose Some bacteria: peptidoglycan Fungi: chitin

Answer 15

3.Cell junctions: Tight junctions: between epithelial cells (gut lining) Desmosomes: rivet cells together (muscle cells tied together by Desmosomes) Gap junctions: small channels. Some ions pass through.