Bio Unit 8 Metabolism

Question 1

What are catabolic pathways?

Answer 1

Metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into smaller compounds

Question 2

What is an antibiotic pathway?

Answer 2

Metabolic process that consumes energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones

Question 3

What is metabolism?

Answer 3

Metabolism is the totality of all in organisms chemical reactions.
An emerging property of life that arises from orderly interactions between molecules

Question 4

What is bioenergetics?

Answer 4

The study of how energy flows through living organisms.

Question 5

What is energy?

Answer 5

The capacity to cause change

Question 6

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 6

Energy that is associated with the relative motion of objects

Question 7

What is thermal energy?

Answer 7

The Kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms and molecules.

Thermal energy in transfer from one object to another is called heat

Question 8

What is potential energy?

Answer 8

An object that is not moving, but still possesses energy. Energy that is not kinetic is called potential energy.
Energy that matter possesses because if it’s location or structure

Question 9

What is chemical energy?

Answer 9

Refers to the potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

Question 10

What is thermodynamics?

Answer 10

The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter

Question 11

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 11

Energy can be transformed and transferred, but cannot be created or destroyed. Energy formed.
This is called the principle of conversion of energy

Question 12

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 12

Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe

Question 13

Define entropy

Answer 13

Scientists, use this quantity to measure molecular disorder, or randomness

Question 14

entropy

Answer 14

thermal energy unable to do work; disorder and randomness

Question 16

what are open systems

Answer 16

they exchange energy with their surroundings. biological systems are open systems

Question 17

Gibbs free energy (G)

Answer 17

the energy available to do work

Question 18

exergonic reactions

Answer 18

release energy. delta G is negative

Question 19

Endergonic reaction

Answer 19

absorbs free energy. delta G is positive

Question 20

homeostasis

Answer 20

the state of steady, internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained living systems. at best, humans are in a dynamic equilibrium, never at equilibrium

Question 21

in true static equilibrium

Answer 21

cells are dead ):

Question 22

3 main categories of work. role of ATP in each?

Answer 22

transport work- active transport, pumping substances across membranes against their concentration gradient

mechanical work- flagella or cilia movement. motor protein movement

chemical work- anabolic reactions (building muscle proteins for amino acids)

Question 23

describe the structure of ATP and identify the major class of macromolecules to which ATP belongs

Answer 23

adenosine triphosphate ATP
nucleotide triphosphate used to make
RNA (a nucleic acid)
-adenine nitrogenous bases
- ribose sugar
- triphosphate group
stores a significant amount of energy in the 3rd phosphate bond

Question 24

what is a catalyst

Answer 24

chemical agent that speeds up reactions without being consumed

Question 25

every ATP has how much energy

Answer 25

7.3 kcal/mol

Question 26

enzyme

Answer 26

usually a catalytic protien

Question 27

competitive inhibitor

Answer 27

binds to the active site of an enzyme, competing with the substrate

Question 28

non competitive inhibitor

Answer 28

bind to another part of the enzyme, causing the enzyme to change shape and making the active site less effective

Question 29

activators

Answer 29

stimulatae enzyme activity

Question 30

inhibitors

Answer 30

reduce enzyme activity

Question 31

activators and inhibitors

Answer 31

used to regulate which enxymes are on at any given time