Bio Unit 8 Metabolism Flashcards
What are catabolic pathways?
Metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into smaller compounds
What is an antibiotic pathway?
Metabolic process that consumes energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones
What is metabolism?
Metabolism is the totality of all in organisms chemical reactions.
An emerging property of life that arises from orderly interactions between molecules
What is bioenergetics?
The study of how energy flows through living organisms.
What is energy?
The capacity to cause change
What is kinetic energy?
Energy that is associated with the relative motion of objects
What is thermal energy?
The Kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms and molecules.
Thermal energy in transfer from one object to another is called heat
What is potential energy?
An object that is not moving, but still possesses energy. Energy that is not kinetic is called potential energy.
Energy that matter possesses because if it’s location or structure
What is chemical energy?
Refers to the potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction
What is thermodynamics?
The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy can be transformed and transferred, but cannot be created or destroyed. Energy formed.
This is called the principle of conversion of energy
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe
Define entropy
Scientists, use this quantity to measure molecular disorder, or randomness
entropy
thermal energy unable to do work; disorder and randomness
what are open systems
they exchange energy with their surroundings. biological systems are open systems
Gibbs free energy (G)
the energy available to do work
exergonic reactions
release energy. delta G is negative
Endergonic reaction
absorbs free energy. delta G is positive
homeostasis
the state of steady, internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained living systems. at best, humans are in a dynamic equilibrium, never at equilibrium
in true static equilibrium
cells are dead ):
3 main categories of work. role of ATP in each?
transport work- active transport, pumping substances across membranes against their concentration gradient
mechanical work- flagella or cilia movement. motor protein movement
chemical work- anabolic reactions (building muscle proteins for amino acids)
describe the structure of ATP and identify the major class of macromolecules to which ATP belongs
adenosine triphosphate ATP
nucleotide triphosphate used to make
RNA (a nucleic acid)
-adenine nitrogenous bases
- ribose sugar
- triphosphate group
stores a significant amount of energy in the 3rd phosphate bond
what is a catalyst
chemical agent that speeds up reactions without being consumed
