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BUSINESS AQA A-LEVELšŸ¤ > UNIT 6šŸ¤šŸ¤ > Flashcards

UNIT 6šŸ¤šŸ¤ Flashcards

1
Q

what is a HR objective?šŸ¤

A

a specific goal or target of relating to the management and performance of human resources in business

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2
Q

what is human resource management?šŸ¤

A

the design,implementation and maintenance of strategies to manage people for optimum business performance

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3
Q

why has HRM become more important?šŸ¤

A

most businesses provide services rather than goods so customer service and quality has become vital

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4
Q

what are some aspects of HRM?šŸ¤

A

workforce planning, recruitment&selection, training and talent development

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5
Q

what is the value of effective HR objectives?šŸ¤

A

connect HR activites and decision making with overall business objectives.
Link HR with customer service and quality
help create effective working environment

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6
Q

what are some common HRM objectives?šŸ¤

A

make effective use of workforce potential
Ensure HR are employed cost effectively
Match workforce to business needs

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7
Q

what are internal inuences on HR objectives?šŸ¤

A

corporate objectives
marketing strategies
financial strategies

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8
Q

what are external influences on HR objectives?šŸ¤

A

market changes
economic changes
social changes

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9
Q

what is soft HRM?šŸ¤

A

treats employees as most important resource in the business and as a source of competitive advantage.
employees are treated as individuals and their needs are planned accordingly

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10
Q

what is hard HRM?šŸ¤

A

treats employees as simply a resouce of the business
strong link with corporate business planning - what resources do we need, how much will we need

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11
Q

what are key measures of HR performance?šŸ¤

A

labour turnover+staff retention
labour productivity
absenteeism

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12
Q

what is employee retention?šŸ¤

A

the abiloty of a business to convince its employees to remain with the business

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13
Q

what is labour turnover?šŸ¤

A

the percentage of the work force that leave a business within a given period

number of employees leaving during period/average number employed during period x100

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14
Q

what are the issues with high staff turnover?šŸ¤

A

higher costs
increased pressure on remaining staff
disruption to productivity

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15
Q

what factors affect staff turnover?šŸ¤

A

type of business
pay and other rewards
working conditions
opportunities for promotion

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16
Q

what ways can a business improve staff turnover?šŸ¤

A

effective recruitment and training
provide competitive pay
reward staff loyalty
job enrichment

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17
Q

why does labour productivity matter?šŸ¤

A

labour costs are a significant part of total costs
in order to be compeptitive a business needs to keep unit costs down

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18
Q

key factors that influence labour productivity?šŸ¤

A

skills
motivation
training
reliability

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19
Q

labour productivity formula?šŸ¤

A

output per period/number of employees

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20
Q

ways to improve labour productivity?šŸ¤

A

measure performance and set targets
streamline production processes
invest in employee training

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21
Q

problems with trying to improve labour productivity?šŸ¤

A

costs
potential for employee resistance
employees may demand higher pay

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22
Q

what is absenteeism?šŸ¤

A

employees intentional or habitual absence from work

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23
Q

why is abesnteeism a significant issue in a business?šŸ¤

A

significant cost
pressure
often prediftable

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24
Q

absenteeism formula?šŸ¤

A

number of staff absent during period/numbef employed during period x100

OR

number of days taken off for unauthorised absence during period/ total days worked by workforce over the period of time x100

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25
Q

how to tackle absenteeism?šŸ¤

A

understand the causes
set targets and monitor trends
have clear sickness and absence policy

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26
Q

what is an organisational structure?šŸ¤

A

shows how people and managment are organised in business

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27
Q

what does organisational structure determine?šŸ¤

A

authority and responsibility
individual roles and titles
people to whom are accountable

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28
Q

what factors influence organisational structure?šŸ¤

A

size of business
type of business
management and leadership style
competitive environment

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29
Q

what is the span of control?šŸ¤

A
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30
Q

narrow or wide span of control?šŸ¤

A
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31
Q

what does span of control depend on?šŸ¤

A
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32
Q

what is the chain of command?šŸ¤

A
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33
Q

what are the levels of hierarchy?šŸ¤

A
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34
Q

common types of organisational structure?šŸ¤

A
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35
Q

tall structuresšŸ¤

A
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36
Q

flat structures?šŸ¤

A
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37
Q

what is delayering?šŸ¤

A
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38
Q

benefits and drawbacks of delayering?šŸ¤

A
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39
Q

what is delegation?šŸ¤

A
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40
Q

key issues with delegation?šŸ¤

A
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41
Q

what is employee empowerment?šŸ¤

A
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42
Q

why change the organisational sturcture?šŸ¤

A
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43
Q

challenges with changing organisational structure?šŸ¤

A
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44
Q

who makes the decisions?šŸ¤

A
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45
Q

centralised decision-making?šŸ¤

A
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46
Q

benefits and drawbacks of centralisation?šŸ¤

A
47
Q

decentralised decision-makingšŸ¤

A
48
Q

benefits and drawbacks of decentralisationšŸ¤

A
49
Q

job design?šŸ¤

A
50
Q

what is job enrichment?šŸ¤

A
51
Q

what is job enlargement?šŸ¤

A
52
Q

key influences on job design?šŸ¤

A
53
Q

reasons to recruit staffšŸ¤

A
54
Q

changes in employment patterns?šŸ¤

A
55
Q

advantages and disadvantages of part-time and flexible working?šŸ¤

A
56
Q

recruitment methodsšŸ¤

A
57
Q

internal recuitment - adv+disšŸ¤

A
58
Q

external recruitment- adv+disšŸ¤

A
59
Q

costs and benefits of trainingšŸ¤

A
60
Q

benefits of training for a businessšŸ¤

A
61
Q

why businesses need trainingšŸ¤

A
62
Q

business issues that training cannot solvešŸ¤

A
63
Q

reasons why business neglect training?šŸ¤

A
64
Q

induction training?šŸ¤

A
65
Q

typical induction programme?šŸ¤

A
66
Q

on-the-job training?šŸ¤

A
67
Q

methods of on the job trainingšŸ¤

A
68
Q

benefits and drawbacks of on the job trainingšŸ¤

A
69
Q

off the job trainingšŸ¤

A
70
Q

methods of off the job trainingšŸ¤

A
71
Q

benefits of off the job trainingšŸ¤

A
72
Q

main types of off the job trainingšŸ¤

A
73
Q

link between training and motivationšŸ¤

A
74
Q

redeploymentšŸ¤

A
75
Q

potential benefits of redeployment vs redundancyšŸ¤

A
76
Q

redundancyšŸ¤

A
77
Q

HR options to avoid costly redundanciesšŸ¤

A
78
Q

what is motivationšŸ¤

A
79
Q

what are the methods available to motivate employeesšŸ¤

A
80
Q

three classic theories of motivationšŸ¤

A
81
Q

taylors theory of motivationšŸ¤

A
82
Q

taylors approach to managementšŸ¤

A
83
Q

maslows theory of motivationšŸ¤

A
84
Q

herzbergā€™s theory of motivationšŸ¤

A
85
Q

three elements to employee engagementšŸ¤

A
86
Q

employee engagement vs motivation

A
87
Q

reasons why people go to workšŸ¤

A
88
Q

main financial incentivesšŸ¤

A
89
Q

main non financial incentives šŸ¤

A
90
Q

fringe benefitsšŸ¤

A
91
Q

wages vs salariesšŸ¤

A
92
Q

overtime vs bonus payšŸ¤

A
93
Q

what is profit sharingšŸ¤

A
94
Q

profit sharing - adv+disšŸ¤

A
95
Q

performance related payšŸ¤

A
96
Q

piece rate paymentšŸ¤

A
97
Q

commissionšŸ¤

A
98
Q

what is employee representationšŸ¤

A
99
Q

legal requirement to consult w employeesšŸ¤

A
100
Q

good reasons for a formal system of employee representationšŸ¤

A
101
Q

employee representation - adv+disšŸ¤

A
102
Q

main role of trade unionsšŸ¤

A
103
Q

two main functions of trade unionsšŸ¤

A
104
Q

advantages for employee of having good relationship with trade unionsšŸ¤

A
105
Q

reasons for declining union membershipšŸ¤

A
106
Q

main methods of industrial actionšŸ¤

A
107
Q

who suffers from industrial actionšŸ¤

A
108
Q

avoiding industrial disputesšŸ¤

A
109
Q

works councilsšŸ¤

A
110
Q

typical agenda for works councilsšŸ¤

A
111
Q

settling disputes using ACASšŸ¤

A
112
Q

mediationšŸ¤

A
113
Q

conciliationšŸ¤

A
114
Q

arbitrationšŸ¤

A

BUSINESS AQA A-LEVELšŸ¤ (4 decks)

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