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Medical Terminology > Unit 6 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Immunology

A

Medical specialty of the lymphatic system and immune response

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2
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid component of blood

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3
Q

Formed elements

A

Blood cells and cell fragments, created through hematopoiesis

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4
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Occurs in the red marrow of long bones and flat bones

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5
Q

-poiesis

A

Process of formation

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6
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Loss of a large amount of blood due to a disease or injury; injury is often arterial

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7
Q

Septicemia

A

Several bacterial infection that spreads from tissue to blood and affects the entire body

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8
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

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9
Q

Erythr/o

A

Red

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10
Q

-cyte

A

Cell

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11
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Is in erythrocytes carries oxygen

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12
Q

Anemia

A

A decrease in the number of erythrocytes; it can have several causes

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13
Q

An-

A

Not; without

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14
Q

-emia

A

Condition of the blood

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15
Q

Iron-deficiency anemia

A

Not enough iron, hemoglobin is not made, results in lower oxygen delivery to tissues, fatigue

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16
Q

Micr/o

A

Small

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17
Q

Hypo-

A

Below

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18
Q

Chrom/o

A

Color

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19
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

Occurs when there is too little vitamin B12 in the diet or the stomach does not absorb B12

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20
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Occurs when there is an inherited genetic abnormality of an amino acid in the hemoglobin

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21
Q

Sickle cell disease

A

Hemoglobin molecule is off by one amino acid

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22
Q

Transfusion reaction

A

Reaction that occurs when a patient is given a transfusion of the wrong blood type

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23
Q

Hem/o

A

Blood

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24
Q

Lysis

A

Destroy

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25
Q

Trans

A

Across

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26
Q

Fus/o

A

Pouring

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27
Q

Four different red blood cell types

A

Group A, Group B, Group AB, Group O

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28
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

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29
Q

Leuk/o

A

White

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30
Q

Granulocytes

A

White blood cells that have granules in their cytoplasm

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31
Q

Agranulocytes

A

White blood cells that do not have granules

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32
Q

The immune response

A

Involves leukocytes and the lymphatic system

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33
Q

Pathogens

A

Microorganisms that cause disease

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34
Q

Leukocytes

A

Attack pathogens and cancer cells

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35
Q

Neutrophils

A

Eat and destroy bacteria

36
Q

Eosinophils

A

Release chemicals that destroy foreign cells; chemicals also kill parasites

37
Q

Basophils

A

Release histamine that dilates blood vessels and increases blood flow, bringing more white cells to the area

38
Q

Antibodies

A

Produced by B cells

39
Q

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

Several infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which infects helper T cells

40
Q

Leukemia

A

Cancer of the lymphocytes with excessive numbers of immature leukocytes in red marrow

41
Q

Mononucleosis

A

Infectious disease cause by EBV that causes lymph node enlargement, fever, and fatigue

42
Q

Mon/o

A

One

43
Q

Nucle/o

A

Nucleus

44
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Platelets

45
Q

Thromb/o

A

Blood clot

46
Q

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT)

A

A thrombus (blood clot) that forms in a deep vein of the lower leg

47
Q

Embol/o

A

Occluding plug

48
Q

-ism

A

Disease from a specific cause

49
Q

Hemophilia

A

Inherited genetic condition that causes a deficiency of clotting factor

50
Q

Phil/o

A

Fondness for

51
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Deficiency in the number of thrombocytes due to radiation, chemicals, or drugs that damage marrow

52
Q

-penia

A

Condition of deficiency

53
Q

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)

A

Immune response of donor tissue against the recipient

54
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Enlargement of the lymph nodes that can be felt in the neck, armpit, or groin

55
Q

Aden/o

A

Gland

56
Q

Lymphedema

A

Generalized swelling in a limb after removal of lymph nodes; tissue fluid cannot drain like normal

57
Q

Elephantiasis

A

Lymphedema caused by a parasite

58
Q

Lymphoma

A

Cancerous tumor of lymph cells, nodes, or tissue

59
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Enlargement of the spleen that is felt on palpation

60
Q

Splen/o

A

Spleen

61
Q

Thymoma

A

Tumor of the thymus gland that is usually benign; often occurs with autoimmune disease

62
Q

Blood smear

A

Blood is smeared thinly on a glass slide and hematoxylin and eosin dyes are applied

63
Q

Type and cross match

A

Determines ABO blood type and Rh factor of recipient and donor blood

64
Q

Ad-

A

To

65
Q

Glutin

A

Stick together

66
Q

Blood donation

A

Procedure in which a unit of whole blood is collected from a donor

67
Q

Blood transfusion

A

Procedure in which donor blood is given to a recipient

68
Q

Autologous blood transfusion

A

Reinfusion of blood or blood products taken from the same patient

69
Q

Complete blood count (CBC)

A

A group of blood tests performed together to determine number, type, and characteristics of formed elements

70
Q

Coagulation time tests

A

Measure the length of time it takes blood to clot

71
Q

Blood chemistries

A

Measure the levels of substances in the blood

72
Q

Ferritin

A

Indirectly measures the amount of iron stored in the body by measuring the amount present in the blood; detects iron deficiency anemia

73
Q

Phlebotomy

A

Procedure to make a small hole in the vein and collect a blood sample with a vacuum tube

74
Q

Plasmapheresis

A

Procedure that separates a unit of donated blood into red cells and plasma

75
Q

Vaccination

A

Injection of a dead or weakened pathogen that enables the body to create antibodies and memory cells to convey protection on later exposure

76
Q

Vaca

A

Cow

77
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Prevent blood clots from forming by inhibiting clotting factors or vitamin K

78
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Suppress immune response to decrease inflammation and organ rejection

79
Q

Erythropoietin drugs

A

Stimulate red bone marrow to make erythrocytes

80
Q

Immunosuppressant drugs

A

Suppress the immune system to prevent organ rejection

81
Q

Bone marrow aspiration

A

Aspiration and removal of red bone marrow from the hip bone

82
Q

Lymph node biopsy

A

Removal of tissue from a lymph node using a fine needle to test for cancer cells in the node

83
Q

Stem cell (bone marrow) transplant

A

Transplantation of red marrow from a donor

84
Q

Lymph node dissection

A

Separation of lymph nodes from the surrounding tissue and removal of nodes from a chain; done to look for cancer metastasis

85
Q

Splenectomy

A

Removal of the spleen after rupture or accident

86
Q

Thymectomy

A

Removal of the thymus because of a benign tumor, cancerous tumor, or myasthenia gravis

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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