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Medical Terminology > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Pulmon/o

A

Lung

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2
Q

Upper respiratory infection (URI)

A

Bacterial or viral infection of the upper respiratory tract; head cold

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3
Q

Asthma

A

Hyperreactivity of the bronchi or bronchioles to an allergen or inhaled substances

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4
Q

Bronchitis

A

Acute or chronic infection or inflammation of the bronchi

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5
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Permanent enlargement and loss of elasticity in the bronchioles

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6
Q

Bronchi/o

A

Bronchus

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7
Q

-iectasis

A

Condition of dilation

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8
Q

Reactive airway disease

A

Blanket term for conditions with reversible airway narrowing and wheezing

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9
Q

Abnormal breath sounds (BS)

A

Lung sounds that are different from normal and may indicate a lung disease or condition

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10
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse of all or part of the lung

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11
Q

Atel/o

A

Incomplete

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12
Q

-ectasis

A

Condition of dilation

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13
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

Any type of chronic obstructive lung disease, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema

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14
Q

Cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

Inherited condition caused by a recessive gene; causes
problems with respiratory, digestive, and sweat
secretions

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15
Q

Cyst/o

A

Bladder

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16
Q

Fibr/o

A

Fiber

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17
Q

-osis

A

Abnormal condition

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18
Q

Empyema

A

Localized pus in the lung due to a bacterial infection

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19
Q

Em-

A

In

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20
Q

Py/o

A

Pus

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21
Q

-ema

A

Condition

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22
Q

Influenza

A

Respiratory infection caused by a virus

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23
Q

Legionnaires’ disease

A

Severe, sometimes fatal bacterial
infection; starts with flu-like symptoms
and progresses to severe pneumonia
and liver and kidney degradation.

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24
Q

Occupational lung diseases

A

Group of disease caused by constant workplace exposure to inhaled particles

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25
Q

Lung cancer

A

Most common among smokers

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26
Q

Pneumonia

A

Infection of lobes of the lungs; fluids, white blood cells, and microorganisms fill passages

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27
Q

Pneum/o

A

Lung; air

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28
Q

Aspir/o

A

To breathe in

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29
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Build up of fluid in the alveoli caused by left sided heart failure, chest wall trauma, or pneumonia

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30
Q

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

A

Severe, communicable viral illness that can be fatal; associated with close contact and enclosed spaces.

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31
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Traveling clot or fat globule that lodges in the lung, blocking blood flow and causing SOB; often occurs in patients on bedrest.

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32
Q

Embol/o

A

Occluding plug

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33
Q

-ism

A

From a specific cause

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34
Q

Tuberculosis (TB)

A

Communicable disease that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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35
Q

Hemothorax

A

Blood in the thoracic cavity, due to trauma

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36
Q

Hem/o

A

Blood

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37
Q

-thorax

A

Chest; thorax

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38
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural space due to inflammation or infection

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39
Q

Effus/o

A

Flowing out

40
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation or infection of the pleura that causes the two pleural layers to rub against one another and create a pleural friction rub

41
Q

Pleur/o

A

Lung membrane

42
Q

-ism

A

Condition of infection/inflammation

43
Q

Pneumothroax

A

Air in the pleural space that causes the lung to collapse; result of penetrating trauma

44
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of spontaneous respiration due to respiratory failure or arrest

45
Q

Bradypnea

A

Abnormally slow rate of breathing due to brain damage or chemical imbalance in the blood

46
Q

Dyspnea

A

Abnormal, difficult, labored, or painful breathing

47
Q

Orthopnea

A

Difficulty breathing when lying supine; patient sleeps sitting up or semi-upright

48
Q

Tachypnea

A

Abnormally fast rate of breathing due to lung disease

49
Q

Cough

A

Protective mechanism to forcefully expel things from the lungs

50
Q

Anoxia

A

Complete lack or severely decreased level of oxygen in arterial blood and blood tissues

51
Q

Asphyxia

A

Abnormally high level of carbon dioxide and an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood

52
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish-gray skin due to a low level of oxygen and a high level of carbon dioxide in the blood

53
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Very high level of carbon dioxide in arterial blood

54
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Very low level of oxygen in arterial blood

55
Q

Arterial blood gas (ABGs)

A

Blood test to measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide in a sample of arterial blood

56
Q

Carboxyhemoglobin

A

Blood test to measure the amount of carbon monoxide (CO) in blood; usually done for patients exposed to fire or fumes.

57
Q

Oximetry

A

Noninvasive test to measure oxygen
saturation of the blood; oximeter emits light waves that reflect off of hemoglobin.

58
Q

Pulmonary function test (PFT)

A

Breathing test to measure the volume of the air that can be forcefully inhaled or exhaled

59
Q

Sleep study

A

Procedure to determine whether a patient has obstructive sleep apnea

60
Q

Sputum culture and sensitivity (C&S)

A

Lab test to identify which bacterium is causing lung infection and the antibiotic sensitivity

61
Q

Tuberculosis test

A

Tests that show whether a person has been exposed to tuberculosis

62
Q

Chest radiography (CXR)

A

X-ray of chest

63
Q

CT & MRI scans

A

Tomography scans that take many images in small slices to provide detailed picture of lung structure.
• CT = uses x-rays
• MRI = uses magnetic field

64
Q

Lung scan

A

Procedure in which radioactive air is inhaled and radioactive drug is injected to identify areas of poor gas uptake and poor perfusion in the lungs

65
Q

Auscultation and
percussion (A&P)

A

Assessment of lung health in which breath sounds are listened to with a stethoscope as the back is tapped with fingertips.

66
Q

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

Procedure to help someone who has stopped breathing and whose heart is not beating

67
Q

Chest percussion therapy

A

Helps loosen mucus; often used with cystic fibrosis

68
Q

Incentive spirometry

A

Procedure to encourage deep breathing in patients post surgery using a measuring device

69
Q

Nebulizer treatment

A

Procedure in which medication is aerosolized for deep inhalation

70
Q

Endotracheal intubation

A

Insertion of an endotracheal tube into the mouth, through the vocal chords, and into the trachea to establish an airway or provide oxygen

71
Q

Oxygen therapy

A

Provision of additional oxygen to patients with lung disease; may use a nasal cannula, oxygen mask, or oxygen hood

72
Q

Antibiotics

A

Treat bacterial infections of the respiratory tract

73
Q

Antituberculars

A

Antibiotic drugs used only to treat tuberculosis; more than one must be administered for 9 months

74
Q

Antitussives

A

Suppress cough centers in the brain for patients with nonproductive cough

75
Q

Anti

A

Against

76
Q

Tuss/o

A

Cough

77
Q

Ive

A

Pertaining to

78
Q

Antivirals

A

Treat influenza in at-risk patients; also used to treat pneumonia

79
Q

Bronchodilators

A

Relax smooth muscle around bronchi to dilate bronchi

80
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Block immune response that causes inflammation in the lungs

81
Q

Expectorants

A

Reduce the thickness of sputum so it can be coughed up and out of the chest

82
Q

Ex-

A

Away from; out

83
Q

Pector/o

A

Chest

84
Q

-ant

A

Pertaining to

85
Q

Smoking cessation drugs

A

Bind to nicotine receptors and provide a gradually decreasing dose of nicotine until a patient no longer needs nicotine

86
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

Insertion of a lighted bronchoscope through the mouth and larynx to examine the trachea and bronchi; attachments may be added to the scope

87
Q

Chest tube insertion

A

Placement of a plastic tube in the thoracic cavity to remove air, fluid, or blood that has accumulated due to trauma or infection

88
Q

Lung resection

A

Surgery to remove all or part of the lung; may be done for cancer biopsy or to treat emphysema

89
Q

Thoracentesis

A

Needle inserted into the thoracic cavity to remove fluid from the pleural space; done to treat pleural effusion or obtain fluid samples

90
Q

Thorac/o

A

Chest; thorax

91
Q

-centesis

A

Procedure to puncture

92
Q

Thoracotomy

A

Incision into the thoracic cavity; the first step in any thorax or lung procedure

93
Q

Tracheostomy

A

Opening into the trachea and insertion of a plastic tube to provide temporary or permanent access to the lungs for patients needing respiratory support; often called a “trach”

94
Q

-tomy

A

Process of cutting

95
Q

-stomy

A

Surgically created opening

Medical Terminology (3 decks)

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