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Medical Terminology > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Cardi/o

A

Heart

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2
Q

Acute coronary syndrome

A

A condition that occurs if the flow of oxygenated blood through a coronary artery is limited by a clot or atherosclerosis

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3
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Chest pain caused by ischemia

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4
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Enlargement of the heart usually due to congestive heart failure

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5
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Condition of the heart muscle that includes cardiomegaly and heart failure

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6
Q

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

Inability of the heart to pump sufficient amounts of blood

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7
Q

Endocarditis

A

Infection and inflammation of the endocardium that lines a heart valve; occurs in patients who have a structural defect of the valve

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8
Q

Murmur

A

An abnormal heart sound that is heard as blood leaks through a defective valve; described by volume, when it occurs, and its sound

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9
Q

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

A

Structural abnormality in which the leaflets of the mitral valve do not close tightly; may be congenital or the result of infection

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10
Q

Myocardial infarction (MI)

A

Death of tissue in the myocardium due to severe lack of oxygen

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11
Q

Pericarditis

A

Infection or inflammation of the pericardial

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12
Q

Aneurysm

A

An area of dilation and weakness in the wall of an artery

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13
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

A progressive degenerative disease that produces narrowed, hardened artery walls

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14
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Fatty deposits in the walls of arteries that can restrict blood flow

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15
Q

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

Arteriosclerosis that occurs in the coronary arteries

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16
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

Presence of elevated fat levels in the blood

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17
Q

Hypertension (HTN)

A

Elevated blood pressure of > 120/80 mmHg

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18
Q

Hypotension

A

Decreased blood pressure of < 90/60 mmHg

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19
Q

Peripheral artery disease

A

Arteriosclerosis in the legs; may cause intermittent calf pain and cyanosis of the toes and feet

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20
Q

Phlebitis

A

Infection or inflammation of a vein

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21
Q

Raynaud disease

A

Sudden, severe vasoconstriction of arterioles in the fingers and toes, causing them to turn white or cyanotic

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22
Q

Varicose veins

A

Condition in which damaged valves in a vein allow the backflow of blood, causing the vein to become distended and twisted

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23
Q

Systole

A

When the heart contracts

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24
Q

Diastole

A

The resting period between contractions

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25
Arrhythmia
Any type of irregular rate or rhythm of the heart
26
Bradycardia
An arrhythmia in which the heart beats too slowly
27
Fibrillation
An arrhythmia in which there is very fast, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium
28
Flutter
Arrhythmia that involves a very fast but regular rhythm of the atria or ventricles
29
Tachycardia
Arrhythmia in which there is a fast but regular rhythm
30
Asystole
Complete absence of a heartbeat; cardiac arrest
31
Cardiac enzymes
Blood test that measures levels of two enzymes released when myocardial cells die
32
C-reactive protein
Blood test that measures the level of inflammation in the body; presence of inflammation increases the risk of clots and myocardial infarction
33
Homocysteine
Blood test that measures levels of the amino acid homocysteine; elevated levels increase the risk of arteriosclerosis, clots, heart attack, and stroke
34
Lipid profile
Blood test that measures the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins
35
Troponin
Blood test that measures levels of two proteins released when myocardial cells die
36
Cardiac catheterization
Procedure to study anatomy and pressures in the heart
37
Electrocardiography
Procedure that records the hearts electrical activity
38
Holter monitor
Procedure to document infrequent arrhythmias; involves use of a portable ECG monitor to continuously track a patients heart rate and rhythm for 24 hours
39
Telemetry
Procedure to monitor a patients heart rate and rhythm in the hospital
40
Angiography
Procedure in which contrast dye is injected into a blood vessel to outline it on an x-ray; the resulting image is an angiogram
41
Echocardiography
Procedure in which ultra high frequency sound waves are bounced off the heart to create an image called an echocardiogram
42
Auscultation
Use of a stethoscope to listen to the heart sounds
43
Blood pressure reading
One of the four vital signs; measured with a device called a sphygmomanometer
44
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
An emergency lifesaving procedure to circulate the blood after a persons heart has stopped beating
45
Cardioversion
Procedure to treat arrhythmias; involves administering an electric shock to restore the heart to a normal rhythm
46
Pulse rate
One of the four vital signs; measured by feeling the patients pulse and counting the number of beats per minute
47
Pulse point
Location where a pulse can be felt
48
Anti arrhythmics
Treat arrythmias
49
Anticoagulants
Prevent blood clot formation in patients with arteriosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, previous myocardial infarction, or artificial heart valves
50
Antihypertensives
Treat hypertension; category includes ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics
51
Aspirin
Prevents heart attack by keeping platelets from sticking together to form clots
52
Beta blockers
Treat angina pectoris and hypertension by blocking beta receptors, which decreases heart rate and dilates the arteries
53
Calcium channel blockers
Treat angina pectoris and hypertension by blocking the movement of calcium ions, which decreases heart rate and blood pressure
54
Diuretics
“Water pills”; decrease blood pressure by increasing sodium and water excretion in the urine
55
Lipid lowering drugs
Treat high cholesterol levels; sometimes called statins
56
Nitroglycerin drugs
Treat angina pectoris by dilating the arteries to decrease blood pressure
57
Thrombolytics
Used to break apart clots that are blocking blood flow through an artery
58
Aneurysmectomy
Procedure to remove an aneurysm and repair the artery; may involve insertion of a synthetic graft
59
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
Procedure to bypass an occluded coronary artery and restore blood flow to the heart muscle
60
Heart transplantation
Procedure to remove a severely damaged heart from a patient with end stage heart failure and insert a new heart from a donor who has recently dies
61
Pacemaker insertion
Procedure in which an automated device is implanted to control heart rates and rhythm in a patient with arrhythmia
62
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Procedure to reconstruct a coronary artery that is narrowed but to atherosclerosis
63
Stent
A catheter with an unexpanded stent is inserted into the artery. •The stent is then expanded to compress the atheromatous plaque and increase the flow of oxygenated blood. •The stent is left in place as the catheter is withdrawn. The stent provides continuing support to keep the lumen of the artery open over time.

Medical Terminology (3 decks)

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