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Medical Terminology > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cardi/o

A

Heart

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2
Q

Acute coronary syndrome

A

A condition that occurs if the flow of oxygenated blood through a coronary artery is limited by a clot or atherosclerosis

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3
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Chest pain caused by ischemia

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4
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Enlargement of the heart usually due to congestive heart failure

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5
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Condition of the heart muscle that includes cardiomegaly and heart failure

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6
Q

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

Inability of the heart to pump sufficient amounts of blood

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7
Q

Endocarditis

A

Infection and inflammation of the endocardium that lines a heart valve; occurs in patients who have a structural defect of the valve

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8
Q

Murmur

A

An abnormal heart sound that is heard as blood leaks through a defective valve; described by volume, when it occurs, and its sound

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9
Q

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

A

Structural abnormality in which the leaflets of the mitral valve do not close tightly; may be congenital or the result of infection

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10
Q

Myocardial infarction (MI)

A

Death of tissue in the myocardium due to severe lack of oxygen

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11
Q

Pericarditis

A

Infection or inflammation of the pericardial

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12
Q

Aneurysm

A

An area of dilation and weakness in the wall of an artery

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13
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

A progressive degenerative disease that produces narrowed, hardened artery walls

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14
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Fatty deposits in the walls of arteries that can restrict blood flow

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15
Q

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

Arteriosclerosis that occurs in the coronary arteries

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16
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

Presence of elevated fat levels in the blood

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17
Q

Hypertension (HTN)

A

Elevated blood pressure of > 120/80 mmHg

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18
Q

Hypotension

A

Decreased blood pressure of < 90/60 mmHg

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19
Q

Peripheral artery disease

A

Arteriosclerosis in the legs; may cause intermittent calf pain and cyanosis of the toes and feet

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20
Q

Phlebitis

A

Infection or inflammation of a vein

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21
Q

Raynaud disease

A

Sudden, severe vasoconstriction of arterioles in the fingers and toes, causing them to turn white or cyanotic

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22
Q

Varicose veins

A

Condition in which damaged valves in a vein allow the backflow of blood, causing the vein to become distended and twisted

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23
Q

Systole

A

When the heart contracts

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24
Q

Diastole

A

The resting period between contractions

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25
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Any type of irregular rate or rhythm of the heart

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26
Q

Bradycardia

A

An arrhythmia in which the heart beats too slowly

27
Q

Fibrillation

A

An arrhythmia in which there is very fast, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium

28
Q

Flutter

A

Arrhythmia that involves a very fast but regular rhythm of the atria or ventricles

29
Q

Tachycardia

A

Arrhythmia in which there is a fast but regular rhythm

30
Q

Asystole

A

Complete absence of a heartbeat; cardiac arrest

31
Q

Cardiac enzymes

A

Blood test that measures levels of two enzymes released when myocardial cells die

32
Q

C-reactive protein

A

Blood test that measures the level of inflammation in the body; presence of inflammation increases the risk of clots and myocardial infarction

33
Q

Homocysteine

A

Blood test that measures levels of the amino acid homocysteine; elevated levels increase the risk of arteriosclerosis, clots, heart attack, and stroke

34
Q

Lipid profile

A

Blood test that measures the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins

35
Q

Troponin

A

Blood test that measures levels of two proteins released when myocardial cells die

36
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

Procedure to study anatomy and pressures in the heart

37
Q

Electrocardiography

A

Procedure that records the hearts electrical activity

38
Q

Holter monitor

A

Procedure to document infrequent arrhythmias; involves use of a portable ECG monitor to continuously track a patients heart rate and rhythm for 24 hours

39
Q

Telemetry

A

Procedure to monitor a patients heart rate and rhythm in the hospital

40
Q

Angiography

A

Procedure in which contrast dye is injected into a blood vessel to outline it on an x-ray; the resulting image is an angiogram

41
Q

Echocardiography

A

Procedure in which ultra high frequency sound waves are bounced off the heart to create an image called an echocardiogram

42
Q

Auscultation

A

Use of a stethoscope to listen to the heart sounds

43
Q

Blood pressure reading

A

One of the four vital signs; measured with a device called a sphygmomanometer

44
Q

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

An emergency lifesaving procedure to circulate the blood after a persons heart has stopped beating

45
Q

Cardioversion

A

Procedure to treat arrhythmias; involves administering an electric shock to restore the heart to a normal rhythm

46
Q

Pulse rate

A

One of the four vital signs; measured by feeling the patients pulse and counting the number of beats per minute

47
Q

Pulse point

A

Location where a pulse can be felt

48
Q

Anti arrhythmics

A

Treat arrythmias

49
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Prevent blood clot formation in patients with arteriosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, previous myocardial infarction, or artificial heart valves

50
Q

Antihypertensives

A

Treat hypertension; category includes ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics

51
Q

Aspirin

A

Prevents heart attack by keeping platelets from sticking together to form clots

52
Q

Beta blockers

A

Treat angina pectoris and hypertension by blocking beta receptors, which decreases heart rate and dilates the arteries

53
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Treat angina pectoris and hypertension by blocking the movement of calcium ions, which decreases heart rate and blood pressure

54
Q

Diuretics

A

“Water pills”; decrease blood pressure by increasing sodium and water excretion in the urine

55
Q

Lipid lowering drugs

A

Treat high cholesterol levels; sometimes called statins

56
Q

Nitroglycerin drugs

A

Treat angina pectoris by dilating the arteries to decrease blood pressure

57
Q

Thrombolytics

A

Used to break apart clots that are blocking blood flow through an artery

58
Q

Aneurysmectomy

A

Procedure to remove an aneurysm and repair the artery; may involve insertion of a synthetic graft

59
Q

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

Procedure to bypass an occluded coronary artery and restore blood flow to the heart muscle

60
Q

Heart transplantation

A

Procedure to remove a severely damaged heart from a patient with end stage heart failure and insert a new heart from a donor who has recently dies

61
Q

Pacemaker insertion

A

Procedure in which an automated device is implanted to control heart rates and rhythm in a patient with arrhythmia

62
Q

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

A

Procedure to reconstruct a coronary artery that is narrowed but to atherosclerosis

63
Q

Stent

A

A catheter with an unexpanded stent is inserted into the artery.
•The stent is then expanded to compress the atheromatous plaque and increase the flow of oxygenated blood.
•The stent is left in place as the catheter is withdrawn. The stent provides continuing support to keep the lumen of the artery open over time.

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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