Unit 5Secondary Motives Flashcards
Needs definition
Any condition inherent to the person that is essential and necessary for life, development and wellbeing. Motivational states provide the impetus to act before harm is done so psychological and bodily well-being.
Physiological
Psychological
Social needs
Secondary needs - psychological needs
Humans often seek enjoyment, fulfilment, and growth
Needs that urge us to explore, learn, and seek challenges w/ ultimate goal of emotional growth and satisfaction
Things that provide sense of competence, achievement, improving skill, autonomy, personal satisfaction
What are psychological needs?
Needs that urge us to explore, lean and seek challenges, with the ultimate goal of emotional growth and satisfaction like tasks that lead to satisfaction of competence, or activities that stimulate imagination
Why do we say organic psychological needs?
The term organism refers to living and active subjects in their interaction with the environment The understanding is based on a dialectic between the person and the environment; same time in their search for fulfilment, learning and emotional satisfaction, humans have an impact on and modify their environment
What are behavioural motivators?
Things that give people the natural motivation to lean, grow and develop. Like the sense of autonomy, competence, relations, confidence, self-esteem
Psychological needs drive…
a proactive willingness to seek out and interact with an environment that meets our emotional and cognitive needs
What is autonomy?
the psychological need to experience self-determination and personal ratification in the initiation and regulation of one’s own behaviour
Behaviour autonomous when…
our interests, prefrences and desires guide our decision-making process to participate or not
Locus of causality
understanding the causal source of motivated actions, varying between internal and external
Volition
free willingness to engage in an activity
Perceived choice
The sense of choice in flexible environments, in contrast to obligation
In order to feel self-determination…
you need to have internal causality, meaning you participate in ___ because you enjoy and value the activity.
What happens is you only have external causality?
you won’t feel the self-determination because the environment would be of obligation and not enjoyment (lack of volition)
In perceived choice people dont necessarily feel autonomy by…
simply offering a choice, when people choose from few limited options that do not reflect their value then there will be no significant satisfaction in autonomy
What is a good example of autonomy?
relationships in general supportive or controlling. When there is autonomy support, aspects of engagement, development, learning performance and psychological well-being are enriched
What are the three motivating styles?
Autonomy support (an interpersonal tone of understanding), Neutral (doing nothing), Controlling (the interpersonal tone of Pressure)
What is competence
The need to interact effectively with the environment; desire to exercise one’s abilities and skills, generating the motivation to develop
A key environmental events for competence are…
Optimal challenge, high structure and high tolerance for failure
Flow
state characterised by maximum enjoyment and intense concentration, arises when challenge and ability are high. Perception of progress are essential to satify
The more environments satisfy this need
the more people are willing to seek out and master challenges that allow them to grow and develop
Relatedness
need to establish close emotional ties and bonds with other people
To satisfy need for relatedness
one needs to confirm that social ties involve bother interest and affection
A communal relationship is
able to satisfy the need for related ness by providing a warm and caring social context (ppl saying stuff about you) + it supports internalisation, the process by which a person adopts other beliefs
Even hikkimori ppl
need affection (they found connection within their relatable groups)
What makes a good day?
Finding confirm that pscyhological needs provide people with the psychological nutriments they need to experience good days and positive well-being
Social needs are not
born with us, we gradually refine need through our experiences that lead us to value certain positive emotional experiences and to prefer activities that satisfy these acquired needs (emerge and change over time)
Social needs broken down into three
Achievement, Affiliation, Power
How are social needs experiences
as emotional and behavioural potentials that are activated in response to specific situation incentives
Need for achievement…
drives people to seek success in competitions with a standard of excellence. The standard being a situation the ends in success or failure (competing with oneself or with others)
People with high need for achievement
tend to respond to standards of excellence with approach oriented emotions (hope and pride)
People with low need for achievement
tend to respond to standards of excellence with avoidance oriented emotions (anxiety and fear of failure)
Affiliation
Desire to establish, maintain or restore positive affective relationships with others
High affiliation
need to constantly to seek approval and emotional security from others because they experience anxiety
Need for approval
seeking acceptance and security in interpersonal relationships
Need for intimacy
Desire to engage in warm and close relationships, w/ less fear of rejection
Power
When we influence other people, when other people follow our behaviour
High need for power
Seek to establish, maintain or expand their impact, control or influence over others, groups, or environments
What are the main focuses of power
dominance, reputation, status or position. Experience strong positive emotions when they have the opportunity to exert their influence 3
What are people with high power needs like
they tend to be more vocal and influential BUT that doesn’t mean they are the most popular nor successful - people led by people with high needs for power tend to do the less ethical action due to lack of consideration of alternatives and less information sharing
What are quasi-needs
transitory and disapear once the situational demand that provoked them is satisfied
