unit 5c

Question 1

cross-modal perception

Answer 1

occurs where perception involves interactions b/t 2 or more diff. sensory modalities

Question 2

Synesthesia

Answer 2

a phenomenon where stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway lead to automatic, involuntary experiences in 2nd sensory or cognitive pathway
- a type of cross-modal perception
- may be associated w. improved memory & faster reaction time son certain tasks (visual search task)

Key aspects: consistency, automaticity, multi-sense ( multi-synthetic)

X-Y notation
→ X is the ‘inducing stimulus’
→ y = the ‘concurrent sensory experience

Causes
- Developmental ; f/ differences in white matter connections, such as a decrease in synaptic pruning
- Acquired: f/ sensory, drugs, or trauma

Question 3

grapheme → color

Answer 3

type of synesthesia:
- written letters/numbers evoke colors

Question 4

Sound → color

Answer 4

type of synesthesia:
- sounds evoke colors
AKA chromesthesia

Question 5

Lexical→ gustatory

Answer 5

type of synesthesia:
- spoken/written words evoke tastes
(often also temperature, textures of food)

Question 6

Number form & spatial-sequence

Answer 6

type of synesthesia:
- numbers & sequences evokes shapes & forms
~ these types may overlap significantly

Question 7

Ordinal-linguistic personification

Answer 7

type of synesthesia:
- ordered sequences like numbers & letters are assoc. w/ personalities and/or genders

Question 8

Misophonia

Answer 8

possible synesthesia vs. neurological disorder
- sounds evoke strong negative emotions
- assoc. w/ anxiety, OCD, tourrette’s syndrome & maybe autism

Question 9

Projector synesthete

Answer 9

these ppl experience synesthic percepts as similar in quality as real-world perceptions

ex: synesthetic colors might appear as projected onto external objects & be difficult to dissociate f/ real-world colors.

These synesthete might not be able to tell whether letter are in black/white or color

This type likely arises f/ changes earlier in sensory processing pathways ( like apperceptive agnosia) & is rarer

Question 10

Associated synesthetes

Answer 10

these ppl experience synesthetic sensations w/in their internal mental space

ex: see letters appearing black/white, but automatically associate the letters w/ colors in their mind/memory

this type is more common & may arise f/ higher-order sensory regions (like associative agnosia)
- linking basic sensory perception w/ associated memory, emotion, or sensory mental imagery

Question 11

visual search task

Answer 11

in this task, it takes longer to find #2 hidden among 5’s when they are all the same color

Reaction time is much faster when there is a color difference

Grapheme-color syntesthetes have a reaction time like there is a clear color difference when the numbers used match their synesthetic perceptions, even when the written text is all in black
- this speeded-up response is driven by the pop-out effect of the colored number