exam 3 review

Question 1

what mechanoreceptors are located on the upper skin?

Answer 1

• Merkel’s disks
• Meissner’s corpuscles

involved in HIGH ACUITY/FINE TOUCH

Question 2

What mechanoreceptors are located in the deeper skin?

Answer 2

• Ruffini cylinders
• Pacinian corpuscles

involved in BROADER DISTORTIONS/ VIBRATIONS

Question 3

Slowly adapting fibers (SA)

Answer 3

found in top layer of upper skin (Merkel’s ) & top layer in deeper skin (Ruffini)

Fire CONTINUOUSLY
- as long as pressure is being applied

Question 4

Rapidly adapting fibers (RA)

Answer 4

Fire ON & OFF of stimulus
- marks when it starts/stops

found in bottom layer of upper skin (Meisnner) & bottom layer of deeper skin (Pacinian)

Question 5

3 types of pain

Answer 5

acute nociceptive pain
chronic inflammatory pain
chronic neuropathic pain

Question 6

nociceptors

Answer 6

free nerve endings that detect cutaneous, somatic, & visceral pain
- located below skin
- specialized for heat, chemicals, pressure

Question 6

lateral spinocerebellar tract

Answer 6

white matter tracts carry info f/ spinal cord → thalamus → cortex
- PAIN / TEMPERATURE
- axons synapse immediately in SPINAL CHORD

Question 6

anterior spinocerebellar tract

Answer 6

white matter tracts carry info f/ spinal cord → thalamus → cortex
- CRUDE TOUCH / PRESSURE
- axons synapse immediately in SPINAL CORD

Question 7

lateral corticospinal tract

Answer 7

controls LIMBS + FINE MOTOR MVMTS

** fibers cross at MEDULLA **

80% of C.S.

Question 8

anterior corticospinal tract

Answer 8

controls TRUNK & PROXIMAL MUSCLES

** axons synapse at SPINAL CORD-
DO NOT CROSS TO OTHER SIDE**

Question 9

upper motor neurons

Answer 9

located in M1/cortex that carry info to certain part of spinal cord
- cortex overall = inhibitory system
* make the corticospinal tract*

damage = increase movements
- spastic paralysis
(stronger/intense reflexes)

Question 10

lower motor neurons

Answer 10

located in spinal cord- receives info f/ upper neurons & sends the info to the muscles
- this is what makes the mvmt happen

Damage:
function/mvmt DECREASES
→ atrophy, flaccid paralysis, decr. reflexes

MAKE UP THE PERIPHERAL NERVES

Question 11

hemiplegia

Answer 11

total paralysis of one side of body
- result of contralateral damage

Question 12

hemiparesis

Answer 12

weakening of one side of body

• due to contralateral damage

Question 13

anosognosia

Answer 13

neglect disorder: inability to recognize disablement

CONFABULATION; lying about why they cant do/see certain things, lying because they simply lack awareness somethings wrong
CAUSE:
- RIGHT DORSAL PARIETAL lobe damage

Question 14

Anton’s syndrome

Answer 14

blindness & anosognia of their blindness
- cortically blind & unaware of blindness

Changes perception of themselves & themselves

CAUSE
- DORSAL OCCIPITAL DAMAGE

Question 15

hemispatial neglect

Answer 15

unawareness of half of the world
- lack of visual attention
includes anosognosia

CAUSE:
→ DMAAGE TO RIGHT DORSAL PPC

Question 16

gerstmann’s syndrome

Answer 16

disorder characterized by finger agnosia, hard to tell left/right, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, anosognosia

CAUSE:

→ DAMAGE TO Inferior Parietal Cortex, or developmental

Question 17

apraxia

Answer 17

loss of ability to CARRY OUT LEARNED MOVEMENTS
- unable to execute mvmt
- caused by damage to DOMINANT PARIETAL CORTEX