Unit 5.2 Flashcards
What type of cells in urine appear as non-nucleated biconcave disks?
Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
What type of cells in urine are larger than RBCs and contain granulated, multilobed nuclei?
White Blood Cells (WBCs)
What type of epithelial cells are the largest in urine sediment?
Squamous epithelial cells
What epithelial cells in urine appear spherical, polyhedral, or caudate?
Transitional epithelial cells
What type of epithelial cells in urine have eccentric nuclei and may be stained with bilirubin or hemosiderin?
Renal Tubular Epithelial (RTE) cells
What abnormal urinary finding consists of highly refractile RTE cells filled with fat droplets?
Oval fat bodies
What microorganism in urine is pear-shaped, motile, and flagellated?
Trichomonas
What yeast-like structures in urine have buds and/or mycelia?
Yeast
What urinary finding consists of single or clumped threads with a low refractive index?
Mucus
What bacteria-related finding in urine consists of small spherical and rod-shaped structures?
Bacteria
What type of urinary cast appears as colorless with a homogenous matrix?
Hyaline cast
What urinary cast appears with coarse and fine granules in a cast matrix?
Granular cast
What urinary cast contains fat droplets and oval fat bodies attached to a protein matrix?
Fatty cast
What urinary cast is highly refractile, with jagged ends and notches?
Waxy cast
What urinary cast is wider than a normal cast matrix and indicates extreme urine stasis?
Broad cast
What type of urine crystal is yellowish-brown and appears as rhombic, whetstone, or four-sided plates?
Uric acid
What type of urine crystal appears as colorless flat rectangular plates?
Calcium phosphate
What type of urine crystal is yellow-brown, thorny-apple shaped, and associated with urea-splitting bacteria?
Ammonium biurate
What type of urine crystal has a ‘coffin lid’ or prism-like shape?
Triple phosphate
What type of urine crystal appears as colorless dumbbell or envelope-shaped structures?
Calcium oxalate
What abnormal urine crystal appears as yellowish-brown clumps of needles?
Bilirubin
What abnormal urine crystal consists of eye-like spheres with concentric striations?
Leucine
What abnormal urine crystal appears as colorless-to-yellow fine needle-like structures in clumps?
Tyrosine
What abnormal urine crystal appears as hexagonal (Piattos-shaped) structures?
Cystine
What abnormal urine crystal appears as flat plates resembling broken glass?
Cholesterol
What abnormal urine crystal has varied forms, including needles, rhombic, or whetstones?
Sulfonamide
What are the sources of error when identifying RBCs in urine?
Yeast cells, oil droplets, air bubbles
What are the sources of error when identifying WBCs in urine?
Renal Tubular Epithelial cells
What are the sources of error when identifying squamous epithelial cells?
Rarely encountered, folded cells may resemble casts
What are the sources of error when identifying transitional epithelial cells?
Spherical forms resemble RTE cells
What are the sources of error when identifying RTE cells?
Granular casts, spherical transitional cells
What are the sources of error when identifying oval fat bodies?
Confirm with fat stains and polarized microscopy
What are the sources of error when identifying bacteria in urine?
Amorphous phosphates, urates
What are the sources of error when identifying yeast in urine?
RBC
What are the sources of error when identifying mucus in urine?
Hyaline casts
What urinary cast is associated with strenuous exercise, glomerulonephritis, and vasculitis?
RBC cast
What urinary cast is associated with pyelonephritis and acute interstitial nephritis?
WBC cast
What urinary cast is associated with pyelonephritis and has bacteria bound to a protein matrix?
Bacterial cast
What urinary cast is associated with renal tubular damage and has RTE cells attached to a protein matrix?
Epithelial cast
What is the main component of urinary casts?
Tamm-Horsfall protein
What is the most common type of cast found in urine?
Hyaline cast
What urinary condition involves excessive urine stasis and leads to broad casts?
Chronic renal failure
What abnormal finding in urine has a strawberry cervix association?
Trichomonas
What urinary sediment artifact has irregular shapes and thick circular margins?
Air bubbles
What urinary sediment artifact appears as thick circular structures resembling cells but with a central depression?
Starch granules
What urinary sediment artifact appears as long fibers that may resemble casts?
Plant fibers
What urinary artifact may be seen in powdered latex gloves?
Starch granules
