Unit 5.1: Diversity of organisms

Question 1

Variation

Answer 1

the differences in traits between individuals

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

Is a group of the same species in the same place at the same time

Question 3

Taxonomy

Answer 3

Is the science of classifying organisms

Question 4

Morphology

Answer 4

The study of observable physical traits

Question 5

Species

Answer 5

A group of organisms capable of reproducing with each other to produce fertile offspring

Question 6

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 6

The system of scientifically naming organisms, the name of which has two terms. The first name identifies the genus to which it belongs, which has an uppercase letter and the second part identifies the species to which it belongs, using a lowercase letter.

Question 7

Speciation

Answer 7

Is the splitting of one species into two or more species

Question 8

Diploid

Answer 8

Diploid eukaryotic cells have 2 complete sets of chromosomes in their nucleus, resulting in an even number of chromosomes in each cell

Question 9

Karyogram

Answer 9

Is a diagram or a photo of the chromosomes found in a cell. In a Karyogram, chromosomes are organised into homologous pairs of chromosomes

Question 10

Karyotype

Answer 10

The number and type of chromosomes found in a cell

Question 11

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 11

Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and are the same length

Question 12

Genome

Answer 12

Includes all of the genetic information of an organism. (The genome provides all of the information for the growth and development of the cell and organism)

Question 13

Polymorphism

Answer 13

Refers to the existence of multiple forms of a particular trait or characteristic within a species. Polymorphisms can result from single-nucleotide base substitution mutations.

Question 14

Genome size

Answer 14

Is the total amount of DNA in a cell, measured in nitrogen base pairs (bp) which forms from the bonds between the 2 strands of DNA

Question 15

Genome sequencing

Answer 15

Determines the entire genetic makeup of an organism

Question 16

Genomics

Answer 16

The study of the entire genetic makeup of an organism

Question 17

Autosome

Answer 17

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Question 18

Sex chromosome

Answer 18

A type of chromosome involved in sex determination

Question 19

Telomere

Answer 19

A region of repetitive DNA sequences at the end of chromosome. Telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes from becoming frayed or tangled. Each time a cell divides, the telomere becomes slightly shorter.