Unit 5- Vocabulary

Question 0

Gene

Answer 0

A linear sequence of nucleotides along a segment of DNA on a chromosome; the basic unit of heredity.

Question 1

Trait

Answer 1

An inherited characteristic or condition.

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

Structure made of DNA that carried the units of heredity.

Question 3

Allele

Answer 3

Different form of a gene for a particular trait.

Question 4

Dominant

Answer 4

The trait that is expressed if it is present; denoted with a capital letter.

Question 5

Recessive

Answer 5

Trait that is only expressed when the dominant trait is not present; do noted with a lowercase letter.

Question 6

Genotype

Answer 6

The actual combination of alleles for a trait.

Question 7

Autosome

Answer 7

Chromosomes that determine characteristics other than gender of an organism.

Question 8

Sex Chromosome

Answer 8

Chromosome that determines the gender of an individual; the 23rd pair of chromosomes in humans.

Question 9

Karyotype

Answer 9

A picture of homologous chromosome pairs; used to do chromosomal studies of organisms.

Question 10

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 10

When traits are controlled by more than one gene.

Question 11

Multiple Alleles

Answer 11

A gene that has more than one allele.

Question 12

Sex Linked Trait

Answer 12

A trait controlled by a gene located on the sex chromosome.

Question 13

Pedigree

Answer 13

A family record that shows which members inherit a specific trait over several generations.

Question 14

Homozygous

Answer 14

When there are two of the same alleles for a trait; AA or aa.

Question 15

Heterozygous

Answer 15

When there are two different alleles for a trait; Aa.

Question 16

Complete Dominance

Answer 16

Type of dominance in which the heterozygote expresses the dominant trait.

Question 17

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 17

Type of dominance in which the heterozygote expresses a blend of the dominant and recessive trait.

Question 18

Codominance

Answer 18

Type of dominance in which they heterozygote expresses both the dominant & recessive trait.

Question 19

Crossing Over

Answer 19

The exchange of corresponding sections between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Question 20

Nondisjunction

Answer 20

Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis; results in gametes with too many or too few chromosomes.

Question 21

Law of Segregation

Answer 21

States that the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis and are distributed to different gametes.

Question 22

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 22

When gametes are made, the genes for traits found on different chromosomes separate independently of each other.

Question 23

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 23

Laboratory method used to separate mixtures of DNA, RNA or proteins according to the size of the molecules.

Question 24

Gene Therapy

Answer 24

Insertion of genes into an organism's cells in an attempt to replace defective genes.

Question 25

Biotechnology

Answer 25

The use of living organisms or thee biological systems to manufacture medication of other products that could improve the quality of human life.

Question 26

Restriction Enzymes

Answer 26

DNA cutting enzymes that can cut both strands of a DNA molecule at a specific nucleotide sequence.