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AP World History Modern > Unit 5 Vocab P2 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Vocab P2 Flashcards

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1
Q

stretched from Moscow to the Pacific Ocean, allowing Russia to trade easily with countries in East Asia, such as China and Japan, helped with the development of coal, iron, and steel industries

A

Trans-Siberian Railroad

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2
Q

the workforce, a key factor in U.S. success

A

human capital

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3
Q

British East India Company control over parts of the Indian subcontinent from 1757-1858

A

company rule

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4
Q

power was harnessed from this to create steam, which in turn generated energy in factories

A

coal

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5
Q

important refueling points, especially at critical points on trade routes, such as Cape Colony in South Africa and various islands in the Pacific

A

coaling stations

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6
Q

issued a patent for the telephone

A

Alexander Graham Bell

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7
Q

Italian physicist, radio developed after his experiments, in 1901, he was able to send and receive a radio signal across the Atlantic Ocean

A

Gugliemo Marconi

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8
Q

connected the Atlantic and Pacific oceans when it was completed in 1869, facilitated U.S. industrial growth

A

Trancontinental Railroad

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9
Q

made by James Watt in 1865, provided an inexpensive way to harness coal power to create steam

A

steam engine

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10
Q

developed the steam engine in 1865

A

James Watt

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11
Q

alloy of iron and carbon, became possible with the introduction of the Bessemer process in 1856, strong and versatile backbone of the industrial society

A

steel

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12
Q

first commercially drilled in the mid-1800s, tapping into a vast new resource of energy, led to kerosene, precision machinery, and the internal combustion engine

A

oil

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13
Q

money available to invest in a business

A

capital

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14
Q

occurred in the late 19th and early 20th century, developments in steel, chemicals, precision machinery, and electronics

A

second industrial revolution

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15
Q

formerly enslaved Turks who formed a military class, ruled Egypt for 600 years before Muhammad Ali

A

Mamluks

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16
Q

Albanian Ottoman officer, rose to prominence in the conflict with the Mamluks, local leaders selected him to be the new governor of Egypt

A

Muhammad Ali

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17
Q

led a naval squad in 1853 and sailed into Yedo and Tokyo bay to ask for trade privileges, he demanded that the Japanese engage in trade with the U.S., the Japanese gave in faced with the power of the warships

A

Commodore Matthew Perry

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18
Q

powerful Japanese family business organizations like the conglomerates in the U.S.

A

zaibatsu

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19
Q

made by Toyoda _____ Works, the business eventually grew into today’s Toyota Motor Company

A

automatic loom

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20
Q

Japanese leaders overthrew the shogun and restored power to the emperor in 1868, they argued that the country should adopt enough Western technology and methods so it could protect its traditional culture

A

Meiji Restoration

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21
Q

this formally abolished feudalism in 1868 in Japan

A

Charter Oath

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22
Q

a business chartered by a government as a legal entity owned by stockholders

A

corporations

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23
Q

individuals who buy partial ownership directly from the company when it is formed or later through a stock market

A

stockholders

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24
Q

the aggregation of buyers and sellers of stocks, which represent ownership claims on businesses

A

stock market

25
Q

control of a specific business and elimination of all competition

A

monopoly

26
Q

founder of De Beers diamonds, enthusiastic investor in a railroad project that was to stretch from Cape Town to Cairo

A

Cecil Rhodes

27
Q

companies that operated across national boundaries

A

transnational

28
Q

a British-owned bank opened in its colony of Hong Kong in 1865, focused on finance , corporate investments, and global banking

A

Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation

29
Q

a British and Dutch venture focused on household goods–most famously, soap

A

Unilever Corporation

30
Q

a social and economic order that encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts

A

consumerism

31
Q

the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change

A

urbanization

32
Q

a more efficient way to produce steel

A

Bessemer process

33
Q

a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole

A

socialism

34
Q

published the Communist Manifesto, believed capitalism was an advance on feudalism because it produced tremendous wealth, but also produced needless poverty and misery, 2 classes proletariat and the bourgeoisie

A

Karl Marx

35
Q

Marx’s wealthy supporter in publishing the Communist Manifesto

A

Friedrich Engels

36
Q

Karl Marx’s critique of capitalism, published in 1848

A

Communist Manifesto

37
Q

ex: machines, factories, mines, and land

A

means of production

38
Q

a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs

A

communism

39
Q

criticized laissez-faire capitalism as inhumane to workers, British philosopher, championed legal reforms to allow labor unions, limit child labor, and ensure safe working conditions in factories, utilitarianist

A

John Stuart Mill

40
Q

“the greatest good for the greatest number of people,” wanted to address the growing problems they saw with capitalism, viewed themselves as moderate, rational advocates of gradual reform

A

utilitarianism

41
Q

organizations of workers that advocated for the right to bargain with employers and put the resulting agreements in a contract, won minimum wage laws, limits on the number of hours worked, overtime pay, and the est. of a five-day work week

A

labor unions

42
Q

the working class, working in factories and mines, often for little compensation

A

proletariat

43
Q

the middle class and investors who owned machinery and factories where workers produced goods

A

bourgeosie

44
Q

samurai code of conduct, became a personal, not government, matter when the position of samurai was dissolved in Japan

A

bushido

45
Q

elder statesmen, some samurai adjusted to the change by serving the government

A

genros

46
Q

reformed the Ottoman system, abolished the corp of Janissaries, developed artillery unit trained by Europeans, abolished the feudal system, Tanzimat reorganization

A

Mahmud II

47
Q

reorganization reforms under Mahmud II in the Ottoman Empire

A

Tanzimat

48
Q

Ottoman Reform Edict, updated the legal system, declared equality for all men in education, gov’t appointments, and justice regardless of religion or ethnicity

A

Hatt-i Humayan

49
Q

Ottoman, separate legal courts est. by different religious communities, each using its own set of religious laws

A

millets

50
Q

China’s major reform effort of the late 19th century, pressure to modernize, advanced its military tech and readiness, set up its own exports

A

Self-Strengthening Movement

51
Q

convinced by Kang Youwei to support the Hundred Days of Reform, Chinese

A

Emperor Guanxu

52
Q

set of sweeping reforms, abolition of the outdated civil service exam, the elimination of corruption, the est. of Western-style industrial, commercial, and medical systems, China

A

Hundred Days of Reform

53
Q

conservative, first opposed reforms in China, eventually recognized civil service exam problems

A

Empress Cixi

54
Q

made goods cheaper, more abundant, and more easily accessible to a greater number of people than ever before, brought by the Industrial Revolution

A

mass production

55
Q

shoddily constructed apartment buildings where working families crowded, often owned by factory owners themselves, often located in urban slums

A

tenement

56
Q

areas of cities where low-income families were forced to live, industrial by-products such as polluted water supplies and open sewers were common

A

slums

57
Q

the bottom rungs of the social hierarchy, those who labored in factories and coal mines

A

working class

58
Q

new middle class, consisting of factory and office managers, small business owners, and professionals, most were literate

A

white-collar

AP World History Modern (10 decks)

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