Unit 5 Vocab Flashcards
Annexation
Legally adding land area to a city in the United States
Ex. In 1898 US territory extended into the pacific after claiming Hawaii as apart of the US
Blockbusting
A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood.
Ex. Perhaps white people in Livingston start noticing more minorities moving in they would sell their houses cheaper in order to have the neighborhood stay populated by a certain race. In this case it’s black people.
Bid-Rent Theory
a geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district (CBD) increases.
*think concert tickets; the closer you are to the stage, the higher the demand and price for them. Tickets prices will decrease if less people are willing to buy them.
Boomburbs
rapidly growing (double-digit growth) suburban cities with a population greater than 100,000
Ex. Irvine, California; Chesapeake, Virginia.
Brownfields
a property that is potentially contaminated by hazardous substances , pollutants, or contaminants
Ex. Gas stations & Landfills
Central Place Theory
A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlement serve as centers of market areas for services; largest settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel further.
Concentric Zone Model
A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are specially arranged in a series of rings.
De Facto Segregation
people are segregated into separate areas by fact rather than by law or policy. The “de facto” concept usually outlines what is actually occurring in reality rather than what should be taking place in reference to the law.
Density Gradient
The change in density in an urban area from the center of the periphery.
Disamenity Zones
the very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to city services (amenities) and are controlled by gangs and drugs
Ex. Favelas In Rio
Edge City
A note of office and retail activities on the edge of a urban area.
Ex. LA
Exurbs
a rural space that resides far enough from an urban area that the city has little influence on its amenities or developments; outer districts of an urban city
Filtering
the process of an area of houses are catered to/occupied by those of lower-income.
Galactic City
a city with growth independent of the CBD that is traditionally connected to the central city by means of an arterial highway or interstate.
Gentrification
the process of renewal and rebuilding accompanying the influx of middle-class or affluent people. into deteriorating areas that often displaces poorer residents.
Gravity Model
the interaction between two places can be determined by the product of the population of both places, divided by the square of their distance from one another
Greenbelts
a designated area of land around a city or urban area that is protected from development in order to preserve open space, reduce urban sprawl , and promote sustainable land use.
Housing Density
the number of housing units per land unit in a given area.
International Urban Models
theoretical frameworks used in urban sociology to describe the way in which cities grow and develop. The models of a city structure are the Concentric Zone Model, the Hoyt Sector Model, the Harris and Ullman Multiple-Nuclei Model, the Galactic City Model, the Latin American City Structure, the African City Structure, and the Southeast City Structure.
Infrastructure
The basic structure of services, installations, and facilities needed to support industrial, agricultural, and other economic development; included are transport and communications, along with water, power, and other public utilities.
Metacity
An urban settlement with a total population in excess of 20 million.
Megacity
An urban settlement with a population in excess of 10 million.
Megalopolis
A continuous urban complex in the northeastern United States.
Mixed-Use
a type of urban development, urban design, urban planning and/or a zoning classification that blends multiple uses.
MSA (Metropolitan)
In the United States, an urbanized area of at least 50,000 population, the country within which the city is located, and adjacent counties meeting with one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the central city.
MSA (Micropolitan)
of, relating to, or being a population area that includes a city with 10,000 to 50,000 residents and its surrounding communities.
Multiple Nuclei Model
a city that does not have one central area, but instead has several nodes that act as regional centers for economic or residential activity within one larger city.
New Urbanism
a planning and development approach based on the principles of how cities and towns had been built for the last several centuries
Peripheral Model
Peripheral Model Urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road.
Primate City
a city that functions as by far the largest city in the country it inhabits.
Public Housing
Housing owned by the government
Quantitative Data
numerical information that can be easily transformed into statistics and tends to be more objective.
Qualitative Data
descriptive information and tends to be more subjective.
Rank Size Rule
the rank of a city’s population within a country will be approximately the largest city’s population divided by the rank of the city in question.
Range
the maximum distance people are willing to travel to get a product or service.
Redlining
a discriminatory practice in which financial institutions and other organizations deny or limit financial services, insurance, or other resources to residents of certain areas
Renovated Housing
Housing maintained as a result of the alternative to demolishing houses.
Scattered Site
site in which dwellings are dispersed throughout the city rather than clustered in a large project.
Squatter Settlement
an area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures
Sector (Hoyt) Model
A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the CBD
Smart Growth
legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland
Surburb
a residential district located on the outskirts of a city
Site and Settlement in Cities
The situation of a city relates to its surrounding features, both human-made and natural. The site of a city has features that are inherent to its location.
Threshold
the minimum number of people needed for a business to operate.
Underclass
A group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic characteristics.
Urban Renewal
Program in which cities identify blighted inner-city neighborhoods, acquire the properties from private owners, relocate the residents and businesses, clear the site, build new roads and utilities, and turn the land over to private developers
World Cities
World cities or global cities are most commonly defined as the command and control centers of the global economy:
Zone In Transition
low-quality housing that is close in proximity to industrial and manufacturing jobs in the Commercial Business District (CBD).
Zoning Ordinances
a rule that defines how property in specific geographic zones can be used.
