Unit 5 Urinary System Flashcards
What is the major function of the urinary system?
Remove waste from the blood, conserve nutrients, regulate blood pressure, blood osmolality, regulate blood 02, & regulate blood ph.
Locate these organs of the urinary tract: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
Kidney is highest near the lungs, which connects to the long tubes being the ureter, which stores the urine which is the urinary bladder which is sends urine to its last stage urethra.
Name the structures a substance would encounter on its travel from the renal artery through a kidney and out of the body in the urine.
- Glomerulus capillaries
- Glomerulus capsule
- Proximal tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Distal tubule
- Collecting Duct
- Renal Pelvis
- Ureter
- Urinary Bladder
- Urethra
Compare and contrast the right and left kidney?
The right kidney is lower than the left due to the liver.
Describe the structure of a kidney including: Renal Capsules, Cortex, Medulla (renal pyramids [lobes}, columns)
Renal Capsule is the outer most layer.
Cortex is the part of the kidney where ultrafiltration occurs.
Medulla- is where the blood is filtered and urine is formed. Contains these (renal pyramids, columns)
Pelvis( major and minor calyces) . Major where filtrate becomes urine. Minor collects the filtrate.
The inner portion of the kidney is called what?
Renal Pelvis
In Renal Pelvis we have cups for collecting urine the cups are called what?
Calyces
When the filtrate reaches this place it is then called urine?
Renal Pelvis
Outline the path of blood into and out of the kidney.
- Abdominal Aorta
- Renal Artery
- Interlobar Artery
- Arcuate Artery
- Interlobular Artery
- Afferent Arterioles
- Glomerular Capillaries
- Efferent Arterioles
- Peritubular Capillaries
- Venules
- Interlobular vein
- Arcuate Vein
- Interlobar vein
- Renal Veins
- Inferior Vena Cava
Describe the Nephron?
The nephron filters blood, and produce urine. Also solutes are added and removed.
Compare and contrast glomerular filtration, tubular secretion and reabsorption?
Glomerular filtration is the most significant. It also forces fluid out of capillaries due to pressure gradient.
Tubular Reabsorption is the process by which solutes and water are removed from the tubular fluid and transported into the blood. Solute reabsorbed by carrier-mediated transport.
Secretion is not reabsorbed at all. Out of bloodstream into filtrate.
Outline the location, structure and function of the ureters.
The Ureter is connected to the Kidneys which is the tube that the urine is passed down to the urinary bladder. It gets there with wave like contractions of the smooth muscles of the ureter.
Define renal clearance? How is inulin clearance used to determine GFR?
Renal Clearance- is the volume of blood plasma cleared of a substance per unit of time. Inulin is a carbohydrate that is freely filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted. We can use a substance like inulin to determine the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This is how we know that an adult with two healthy kidneys produces about 180 liters of filtrate a day. This number is based on inulin clearance studies.
What is a Rugae and what is the function?
When the bladder is empty, the mucosa has numerous folds called rugae. The rugae and transitional epithelium allow the bladder to expand as it fills. Highly folded.
Structure and function of trigone?
Two of the openings are from the ureters and form the base of the trigone. The third opening, at the apex of the trigone, is the opening into the urethra.
