Unit 5 Respiratory System Flashcards
Two functions of the respiratory system.
Gas exchange and communication
Differentiate the conduction system from the lungs.
The conduction system is lined mostly with ciliated pseudostraified epithelium that produces mucus. The sticky mucus helps traps debris and the cilia sweep it away from the lungs.
Pathway of an air molecule from outside of body to the lungs.
Air first enters the body through the mouth or nose, quickly moves to the pharynx (throat), passes through the larynx (voice box), enters the trachea, which branches into a left and right bronchus within the lungs and further divides into smaller and smaller branches called bronchioles then off to the alveoli.
3 “air conditioning”
Three air conditioning functions:
Temperature (If it is really cold outside it could damage our lungs so the temperature is modified before it gets to the lung).
Composition (Modifies debris so when you breathe in it doesn’t get into your lungs).
Humidity (add moisture to air so you don’t put so much pressure on the system respiratory system when dry).
Describe the function and location of the paranasal sinuses.
The conchae is in the nose and the paranasal sinuses help increase the surface area of the conduction system. (Frontal, Ethmoidal, Sphenoidal, and Maxillary). They clear the debris due to the mucous and cilia and don’t have Olfactory.
Relate the structure of the larynx to its role in vocal communication.
Muscles contractions of larynx causes vibrations producing sound.
Compare left and right side of lung.
Left lung has two lobes and the right has three lobes. Left only has two lobes due to heart position
Function and organization of the pleural membranes
Pleural membranes reduce friction. Has liquid between the two for assistance with moving. Parietal (Body Wall), and Visceral (Line Lung Surface).
Compare and contrast total pulmonary ventilation with cardiac output.
the respiratory pump of voluntary skeletal muscle, and respiratory pump by somatic (voluntary) motor neurons. The respiratory has a two way pump
Describe the function of the muscles of the respiratory pump.
This is composed of primarily the DIAPHRAGM and External Intercostal Muscles. When the respiratory muscles contract, the thorax expands, the pressure in the lungs drops below atmospheric pressure and we breathe in. When the muscles relax, the elastic recoil of the chest and lungs collapses and air is force out.
How does neural control of the heart differ from the respiratory pump.
The respiratory pump muscles are skeletal muscles are require neural innervation to contract, unlike the heart. If you lose communication between the nervous system and the respiratory muscles you will suffocate unless artificially ventilated. Heart has AV node
Define total pulmonary ventilation (min volume)). What is the formula.
It is the respiratory equivalent of cardiac output. TPV is defined as the volume of air inspired OR expired each minute. Its formula is breathing rate X tidal volume. (TPV=BR*Tidal Volume).
Define Tidal volume, Vital capacity, and dead space.
Tidal volume is the volume of air that is inspired or expired in a single breath during regular breathing.
Vital capacity was directly related to height and inversely related to age.
Dead Space not all the air we inhale gets to the lungs, however, some of it fills the conduction system. This is why breathing more deeply (increase in tidal volume) is more productive for gas exchange than increase in breathing rate. Some of the air of each new breath ventilates only the anatomic dead space.
What effects do aerobic exercises have on TPV? By what mechanisms are there effects produced?
Increase Tidal volume. Which increase more air in per breathe.
Describe the effect of autonomic innervation on airway resistance.
Sympathetic- relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles receptors increase airways diameter decrease resistance- increase airflow.
Parasympathetic- constriction bronchial smooth muscles, reduce diameter, increase resistance- decrease airflow.
