Unit 4: Defense and Cardiovascular

Question 1

What is the order of blood cell through CV System?

Answer 1

1. right atrium
2. tricuspid valve
3. right ventricle
4. pulmonary valve
5. pulmonary arteries
6. lungs
7. pulmonary veins
8. left atrium
9. bicuspid valve
10. left ventricle
11. aortic valve
12. aorta
13. systemic arteries
14. systemic arterioles
15. systemic capillaries
16. systemic venules
17. systemic veins
18. vena cava

Question 2

3 major components of cardiovascular system

Answer 2

heart, blood and blood vessels

Question 3

In the systemic circuit the arteries will be what color and, the veins will be what color?

Answer 3

In the systemic circuit the arteries will be red, the veins blue.

Question 4

In the pulmonary circuit the arteries will be what color, the veins will be what color?

Answer 4

In the pulmonary circuit the arteries will be blue, the veins red.

Question 5

Arteries conduct blood?

Answer 5

Away from the heart toward the organs.

Question 6

Veins transport blood?

Answer 6

From the organs back to the heart.

Question 7

What is difference between a Vein walls and artery walls?

Answer 7

Vein walls are thinner, more distensible and less elastic than artery walls

Question 8

Between the arteries and the veins are the microscopic vessels inside the organs. These include the?

Answer 8

arterioles (variable resistance vessels), capillaries (exchange vessels) and venules.

Question 9

The receiving chambers of blood are called? The major pumping chambers are called?

Answer 9

atria are the receiving chambers and major pumping chambers are called ventricles

Question 10

Blood moves from arteries to veins through the organs because of a _______ between arteries and veins and because ______ valves in the heart prevent backflow

Answer 10

pressure gradient and one-way

Question 11

The heart sounds – lub, dub – are due to the simultaneous closing of the AV valves (“lub”) when the ventricles contract (“systole”) followed by the simultaneous closing of the semilunar valves (“dub”) when the ventricles relax and fill (“diastole”).

Answer 11

The heart sounds – lub, dub – are due to the simultaneous closing of the AV valves (“lub”) when the ventricles contract (“systole”) followed by the simultaneous closing of the semilunar valves (“dub”) when the ventricles relax and fill (“diastole”).

Question 12

What pressure drives the blood through the organs to the veins?

Answer 12

Arterial blood pressure

Question 13

What are capillary?

Answer 13

The capillaries are the leaky part of the vascular system, permitting the exchange of substances between the blood and the tissue spaces.

Question 14

Arterioles are known as what? Give a example of what they do?

Answer 14

Arterioles are known as variable resistance vessels. When we exercise the arterioles in our skeletal muscles dilate, allowing more blood to flow through

Question 15

Why are lymphatic system considered only half a system?

Answer 15

It has no arteries and no pump like the heart. Instead, it begins with capillaries.

Question 16

lymph capillaries do what?

Answer 16

The lymph capillaries are more porous than the blood capillaries and can pick up particles and cells too large to enter the bloodstream directly

Question 17

The lymphatic system drains lymph where?

Answer 17

The lymphatic system drains lymph (excess tissue fluid) back to the cardiovascular system at two sites in the thorax – the right and left subclavian veins.

Question 18

Along the way back to the CV system the lymph is filtered by what?

Answer 18

Along the way back to the CV system the lymph is filtered by lymph nodes, which contain phagocytes and lymphocytes.

Question 19

baroreceptors does what?

Answer 19

baroreceptors that monitor pressure in the key arteries and signal the CNS when pressure starts to decline. The CNS then stimulates cardiac output– the volume of blood ejected by each ventricle– by increasing heart rate and stroke volume.

Question 20

Parasympathetics usually dominate the heart at rest, slowing down the SA node and slow down the action potential through the AV node. The two autonomic divisions normally operate in a coordinated fashion so that they do not compete with each other, much like you operate the brake and gas pedal on your car

Answer 20

Parasympathetics usually dominate the heart at rest, slowing down the SA node and slow down the action potential through the AV node. The two autonomic divisions normally operate in a coordinated fashion so that they do not compete with each other, much like you operate the brake and gas pedal on your car

Question 21

Sympathetic drive can also increase cardiac output by increasing the rate and strength of heart contraction. Sympathetics increase strength of ventricular contraction by allowing more calcium ions to enter the ventricular muscle cells. The sympathetic hormones can have a similar effect.

Answer 21

Sympathetic drive can also increase cardiac output by increasing the rate and strength of heart contraction. Sympathetics increase strength of ventricular contraction by allowing more calcium ions to enter the ventricular muscle cells. The sympathetic hormones can have a similar effect.

Question 22

we have a special circulatory system that delivers blood directly to the myocardium called?

Answer 22

This circulatory system is called the coronary circulation and usually begins with two openings in the aorta above the aortic valve called the right and left coronary arteries.

Question 23

Brainbridge reflex does what?

Answer 23

increased return flow of blood to the heart stimulates heart rate. This reflex requires neural connection to the heart.

Question 24

Frank-Starling law of heart?

Answer 24

Increased volume of blood in ventricles stimulates more powerful contraction. This response does not require neural input to the heart.