Unit 5 Test/Quiz Flashcards
What were the two political parties in Mexico?
Federalists and Centralists
Which party wanted a weak central government while sharing power to the states?
Federalists
Which party wanted a strong central government with little power to the states?
Centralists
Why did the Texans like the Federalists?
Because that government gave the Texans the relative freedom that they enjoyed.
Who is Haden Edwards, what problem did he have?
Haden Edwards is an empresario who was given land to settle 800 families but when he arrived at the land he saw that people already had settled there.
How did Edwards solve his problem?
He demanded that the colonists show claim to the land or they would have to get out.
Who was Benjamin Edwards?
Haden Edward’s brother
What did benjamin Edwards do?
HE sent a letter to the Mexican government and Mexican officials thought it was disrespectful. The Mexican officials took away Haden’s land grant.
What was the Fredonian Revolution?
Edwards and his followers claimed the land near Nacodoges and called it the “Fredonian Republic”. Benjamin Edwards claimed Nacodoges, where they fought the local militia (they won). After this, Stephen F Austin sent his army, and Mexican officials sent theirs, The Edwards Brothers gave up and fled to America.
Stephen F Austin sided with the
Mexican Government
What did the Fredonian Rebellion confirm for Mexico?
America was trying to take Texas!
After the Fredonian Rebellion, who was sent to inspect Texas?
Mier y Teran
Mier y Teran reported that American outnumbered the Mexicans
10 to 1
What did Mier y Teran recommend?
- that the government place more troops around Texas
- Attract more Mexican and European settlers
- develop more trade between Texas and Mexico.
What was the goal of the Law of April 6, 1830?
To increase Mexican hold on Texas and to halt American influence in Texas.
What was the Texan reaction to the Law of April 6, 1830?
They were very alarmed/angered, they were worried that the ban on bringing slaves would lead to a ban on slavery.
What were the provisions of the Law of April 6, 1830?
a. Outlawed immigration from the US
b. Canceled incomplete grants with empressarios
c. Encouraged immigration of Mexicans and Europeans to Texas
d. Forbade enslaved people from being brought into Mexico
e. Established new forts in Texas (mostly along the border)
f. added taxes to all foreign goods entering Texas.
What happened at Anahuac?
Texans fought with John Davis Bradburn at Anahuac over Taxes on imported goods, Taking supplies intended for settlements, and not returning runaway slaves.
What were the Turtle Bayou Resolutions?
An official document that created a plan. (like what to do if a revolution starts) it states their enemy and who they trust.
The creators of the Turtle Bayou Resolutions said that they were loyal to
Mexican Federalists and Santa Anna
Who where the leaders of the Texans and the Mexicans at the Battle of Velasco?
Texans - John Austin
Mexicans - Colonel Domingo de Ugartecha
Who won the Battle of Velasco?
The Texans
Why did the Texans win the battle of Velasco?
Because the Mexican forces ran out of ammunition, the Mexican army surrendered.
How did Santa Anna become president?
People stated their loyalty to him in the Turtle Bayou Resolutions because he was a trusted federalist, leading fights against the centralists.
In the Conventions of 1832 and 1833, why did the delegates meet?
The delegates wanted to make helpful requests to the government.
What requests did the Convention of 1832 and 1833 recommend.
- Resume Texas immigration
- Texans should be exempt from import Taxes
- Separate statehood for Texas ( no more Coahuila y Tejas)
Why did Austin go to Mexico? (Before his arrest)
To deliver the requested changes from the convention
Why was Austin frustrated with Santa Anna?
his meeting with Santa Anna was delayed for several months.
Why was Stephen F Austin arrested?
THe government thought that Austins actions was a threat.
What did Stephen Austin do when his meeting was delayed?
He sent a letter to Santa Anna showing the requests to the government.
How did Austin’s views change after his arrest?
Before- Believed that Texas could work with Mexico (Peace Party)
After - Texans must separate from Mexico (War Party) also thought that Santa Anna was becoming a dictator.
What was the first thing that Santa Anna did upon becoming a dictator?
- He threw out the Mexican Constitution of 1824
- He sent his brother in law Martin Perfecto de Cos to deal with the Texans.
What was the Battle of Gonzales known as?
“The Lexington of Texas”
Who won the Battle of Gonzales?
The Texans
Describe the battle of Gonzales.
The Mexicans demanded that the Texans give up all of their weapons, the Texans made a flag put it on a cannon, and shot it at the Mexican soldiers.
What was on the flag in the Battle of Gonzales?
“Come and Take it”
Which battle led to the creation of the Army of the People? Who was it led by?
Stephen F Austin, Battle of Goliad
Describe the Battle of Goliad.
A group of 200 Texans left Gonzales and arrived at Goliad, they forced the Mexican soldiers out on Goliad and sized the Mexicans’ weapons. The Battle was only a few days after Gonzales.
How any soldiers did General Cos have inside San Antonio de Bexar?
750 soldiers
What strategy did the outnumbered Texans use inside of San Antonio?
They used a siege.
What was the Texan’s goal for the Siege of Bexar?
Their goal was to have General Vos surrender due to running out of supplies.
What came after the Siege of Bexar?
The Consultation
What were the Texans trying to decide at the Consultation?
They were trying to decide of they should be independent from Mexico or remain with them.
What was the war party?
They wanted immediate declaration of independence
What was the peace party?
wanted to align with federalists in Mexico to restore the constitution of 1824 and get rid of Santa Anna?
What did both parties have in common?
They both were not opposed to war
What did the Consultation decide?
The Peace party won and they declared their support of the Constitution of 1824, stated that they were loyal to Mexico, and blamed Santa Anna for the fighting.
What was the Provisional Government?
The system of government that was established after the Consultation
Who were the officials in the provisional government, what party were they in?
Governor - Henry Smith: War Party
Lt. Governor - James Robinson: War Party
General Council - Peace Party
Commander of Texas Military - Sam Houston: War Party
Why was the provisional government ineffective?
Nothing would get done, both parties would cancel each other out.
What was the Grass Fight, describe it.
Erastus “Deaf” Smith, a scout, warned the Texans that the Mexicans were smuggling supplies and silver into San Antonio. The Texians attacked and found that there was only hay to feed the horses in the mule train.
This showed that the Mexicans had no supplies and the Siege worked!
Grass Fight
Who led the attack on San Antonio?
Ben Milam
How long did the Battle of San Antonio last?
four days
What did General Cos agree to when he surrendered?
- To never fight Texas again
- To leave the constitution of 1824 alone.
Why was the victory of San Antonio a huge win for the Texans?
Texas soli was cleared of Mexican Troops.
How did Santa Anna react to the Mexican loss of San Antonio?
He vows to get revenge on Texas, he leads a massive army to Texas.
What were the two priorities of 1836?
officially declare independence from Mexico, and set up a new temporary government.
What were the two documents created at the convention of 1836.
Texas Declaration of Independence, Texas Constitution.
What was the date, author, and purpose of the Texas Declaration of Independence?
March 2, 1836
Gorge Childress
Listed the grievances against Mexico and declared Texans independent.
What was the date and purpose of the Texas Constitution?
March 16, 1836
Established a government that gave Texans the freedom they wanted.
Compare the US and Texas constitution.
They both have many aspects in common, like they both made sure slavery was allowed, mostly the Texans put in aspects that they enjoyed under Mexican rule.
What was the Ad Interim Government?
A temporary government that was created to get Texas through the revolution. (they switched to war Party)
Who were the individuals in the As interim government?
President - David G Burnet
Vice President - Lorenzo de Zavala
Commander of the Army - Sam Houston
What were the problems with the Texan Army?
They were short on men and very disorganized; they had limited food and supplies; soldiers wouldn’t listen to Sam Houston; Texan forces were scattered in small groups around Texans; and the Texans were very unprepared for the arrival of Santa Anna.
What were the problems for the Mexican Army?
Santa Anna was marching in the winter so that ment little food for the horses/army. Santa Anna set a pace that was too fast for his large cannons so they fell behind the main group.
Texans were fathering at the Alamo, but ______ recommended that it be abandoned. __________was sent to inspect the Alamo and decided ________.
Sam Houston, James Bowie, stay and defend the Alamo.
What were the total # of Alamo Defenders?
about 185 men.
What were the advantages of the Alamo’s structure?
Walls are 12 feet and 2-3 feet thick; had 21 cannons including an 18 pounder
What were the disadvantages of Alamo’s structure?
The south wall had a large gap; the North was crumbled; the size of the Alamo was too big for 200 men to defend.
The two commanders involved in the Goliad Massacre were ——– (Texan leader) and ———- (Mexican leader)
Colonel James Fannin, General Jose de Urrea
Who was the sole commander during the Battle of the Alamo?
William B. Travis
Why is Travis’ Victory or Death letter considered the most heroic in American history?
Because it showed how committed the soldiers of the Alamo were to their cause. (there’s probably another answer tho ;-;)
Describe the Battle of the Alamo
On March 5 Santa Anna’s troops decide to attack at dawn. On March 6, 1836, Santa Anna sent 1,800 soldiers to attack, their troops attacked in three waves, and the third wave managed to breach the walls. After the soldiers breached the walls, the battle became hand-to-hand combat and lasted 90 minutes. The Mexicans won.
How many men did the Mexicans lose in the Battle of the Alamo?
about 600
How many men did the Texans lose in the Battle of the Alamo?
about 189
Describe the battle of Coleto
On March 19, 1836, James Fannin and his troops were resting after half a day of marching and were surrounded by General Urrea’s soldiers. After two days of fighting Fannin surrendered
What happened to the Texans that surrendered after the Battle of Coleto?
After the Battle of Coleto, General Fannin expected to be treated fairly as a prisoner, but Santa Anna ordered that the prisoners be EXECUTED. The Texans were marched out of Goliad in three large groups on March 27 and were fired at. This became known as the Goliad Massacre.
Who was the Angel of Goliad? What did she do?
Senora Francisca Alvares convinced her husband, who was a Mexican soldier, to shoot above the soldier’s heads so they could escape.
What were the two battle cries of the Texans?
“Remember the Alamo”
“Remember Goliad”
Why did the Texans flee east during the Texas Revolution?
The news of Houston’s retreat and the advance of the Mexican army caused settlers to flee their homes.
What did the settler do while fleeing their homes?
They burned their stuff so the Mexicans couldn’t use their things as supplies.
Who were the two commanders at the Battle of San Jacinto and the number of men they had?
Sam Houston - 1200 soldiers
Santa Anna - 1300 soldiers
Why did Deaf Smith Burn the bridge?
To give the Mexican army nowhere to retreat to. The bridge is also where Mexican solders got their supplies.
Why was the Mexican army unprepared for the battle?
They were having a midday nap, a siesta, allowing Houston’s army to attack unsuspected at 3:30 PM James Neil used the “Twin Sisters” to make a hole through the Mexican Barricade.
Describe the battle of San Jacinto
Texans poured through the barricade yelling, “Remember the Alamo” and “Remember Goliad”. the battle was over in 18 minutes but they spent hours chasing down enemy soldiers who tried to escape. Houston kept Santa Anna alive.
What were the three points of the Public Treaty of Velasco?
- Santa Anna agreed to never fight against the Texans again
- All Mexican troops would be withdrawn from Texas
- There would be an exchange of Mexican and Texan prisoners.
What were the two points of the Private treaty of Velasco?
- Santa Anna agreed to work to convince Mexico to accept Texas’ independence
- Santa Anna agreed the boundary of Texas and Mexico would be at the Rio Grande River.
What was Mexico’s response to the Treaty of Velasco?
They refused to accept the terms of the treaty because they believed that Santa Anna was forced to sign the treaty therefore it was invalid
What could the refusal of the treaty of Velasco lead to?
It could lead to more violence, battles, conflict, and protests.
