Unit 3&4 Test Flashcards
What was the year when Pineda mapped the coast of Texas?
1519
Where did Christopher Columbus actually land?
An island in the Bahamas
Where did Christopher Columbus think the landed?
the Indies
What were the three reasons the Spanish had for expanding their empire?
The Three G’s
Gold, Glory, God
What were the Europeans looking for in the 1400’s?
They were looking for a different water trade route to Asia
What did the Spanish call their military empire in the Americas?
New Spain
When was the Age of Exploration?
1400’s - 1600’s
What was the Aztec capital called?
Tenochtitlan
What did Cortes build over Tenochtitlan?
Mexico City
When did Cortes’s journey start?
1519
What happened after Cortes reached Tenochtitlan?
Cortes kidnapped the Emperor, and the Spanish and the Aztecs started fighting. The Aztecs won and after a couple of years, Cortes came back with enemies of the Aztecs, and the Spanish sacked their town.
What was the purpose of Pineda’s voyage?
To find the “Northwest Passage” the supposed sea route to Asia
What did Pineda actually accomplish?
He mapped the coast from Florida to Veracruz.
What was Pineda’s significance to Texas?
He was the first European to SEE the land which is soon to be Texas.
Why did Cortes turn his attention away form Veracruz?
Because he heard of the Aztecs and wanted to take them as a subject of Spain
What was the purpose of Narvaez’s voyage?
To explore the coast and find gold
Where did Narvaez’s ships get shipwrecked?
On the coast of Florida (where they got lost)
How did Narvaez die?
He got caught in a hurricane while using a makeshift raft to move through the Gulf of Mexico.
What was Cabeza’s role on Narvaez’s ship.
He was the Treasurer
How did Cabeza de Vaca survive the first winter?
The Karankawa found them and gave them food, supplies, and shelter.
What kind of work did de Vaca do under the Karankawa?
He was a servant, trader, and healer.
How long was Cabeza’s full journey (including the time with Narvaez)?
8 years.
Who used his language skills to survive?
Estevanico a African-American slave.
What rumors did Cabeza de Vaca spread to the Viceroy?
He heard of mountains of gold to the north.
What was the purpose of Coronado’s journey?
to claim Cibola for Spain in April 1540
What did Coronado find in the city Fray Marcos found?
A Zuri Puebloan village
What did El Turko tell Coronado?
He said that there is a city said to be filled with gold called “Quivira”
What did Coronado find at Quivira?
No treasure, corn, grass huts, buffalo
After this Coronado killed El Turko
What did Coronado say to the viceroy after the mission?
That the land would be good for farming.
Why did La Salle go on a Voyage?
To create a colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River
What was the Name of the colony near Matagorda Bay?
Fort St. Louis
later La Bahia was established there
How does La Salle die
The settlers lead a mutiny and killed him
What problems arose (not why the stockade failed) after Fort St. Louis was established
The Spanish thought that France was trying to take their land so Spain and France Feud Began.
Who was Damian Massanet?
A friar who founded San Francisco de los Tejas, the first Spanish mission.
Who reopened missions that were abandoned in the chicken war?
Aguayo
What happened in 1718?
The Spanish made the Presidio San Antonio de Bexar a settlement that was built in the middle of East Texas, and the Rio Grande missions. To make it easier to supply the missions. The Spain vs. France war also started in late 1718
Who founded the most successful missions?
Antonio Margil de Jesús
The chapel of which mission is now known as the Alamo?
Mission San Antonio de Valero
How many settlements did Jose de Escandon found?
20
How many people lived in Escandon’s settlements (all of them combined)?
about 6,000 people
What nickname did Escandon have?
Father of the Lower Rio Grande Valley
When did France declare war on Spain?
late 1718
What was the Chicken war?
The commander of a French outpost in Natchitoches heard that there had been a war so he decided to attack the nearest Spanish target. As soon as the French arrived, there were only two people: a soldier and a friar. The two escaped the area by distracting the French with a chicken. The two Spaniards made it to Nuestra Senora de los Delores Mission where they shared what they had learned.
What did Aguayo do?
He reopened missions that had been abandoned in the Chicken War and established Los Adaes as the unofficial capital of Spanish Texas.
What was Aguayo’s original mission, what did it change to?
to organize a force to meet the French threat, then it changed to reclaiming lost land.
What settlement was constantly moving but had the same name?
La Bahia
Which friar asked the French to reopen San Francisco de los Tejas.
Father Francisco Hidalgo
Who wanted to build a mission among the Caddo people (also known as Tejas) of East Texas.
Damian Massanet
fort; built to house soldiers who protected settlers
Presidio
mission
built to convert and educate native peoples in Spanish culture and religion
town
built to house settlers
to find a way to pass over a long body of water
navigate
privateer
privately owned ship outfitted with weapons.
a crude fort
stockade
Conquistador
a Spanish soldier explorer who sought personal riches and power, as well as wealth and glory for Spain, in the conquest of the Americas.
a district of a colony or country, similar to a state
province
viceroy
an official that rules in the name of a king or queen
What was Native American life like?
they weren’t forced to join a mission, but when they did they might leave to take part in traditional practices including cultural events, hunting, or trading with other Native Americans.
What was Friar life like?
Friar life at the missions was well-ordered and they had set times of the day to pray, eat, relax, and study. when dealing with Native Americans, friars were expected to bring them into missions; have them adopt mission routines, teach them Spanish; teach them farming, ranching, and trades such as pottery; and have them accept the Catholic religion.
What was soldier life like?
Their main job was to protect the mission and settlers from the attacks. Soldiers were sometimes sent after people even entire groups to put into the mission. Soldiers also conducted supply trains, escorted groups of travelers, and carried the mail. In their free time, soldiers tended horses and maintained the presido.
Why did many Native Americans decide to join the missions?
To live there for protection from their enemies
How were the friars’ and soldiers’ ideas about how to treat Native Americans different?
The Friars thought that they should accommodate the Native Americans by being flexible about applying rules. The soldiers thought that they shouldn’t have to accommodate and that they should enforce the rules in any way that they pleased.
Who was the first explorer to explore Texas
Cabeza de Vaca
Who claimed the Mississippi river for France?
La Salle
Was La Salle a good navigator? What was his original job?
no, he was originally a fur trader
place on the Great Plains El Turko said to be filled with gold
Quivira
Ft. st Louis
French settlement near Matagorda Bay
Unofficial capital of Spanish Texas
Los Adaes
San Francisco de los Tejas
First mission in East Texas
Mission chapel is known today as the Alamo
San Antoino de Velaro
San Antonio de Bexar
Settlement midway between the Rio Grande and East Texas
