Unit 5 Test Notes Flashcards
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What state are ionic compounds typically found in? What are their boiling points?
Ionic compounds contain strong electrostatic attractions and are therefore found in the solid state at room temperature. They have high boiling points.
What state are polar molecules typically found in? What are their boiling points?
Polar molecules contain permanent dipoles and form strong dipole-dipole intermolecular bonds. They are found in the liquid or solid state but have a lower boiling point.
What state are non-polar molecules typically found in?
Non-polar molecules have no dipoles and contain very weak intermolecular bonds. They are usually gases.
What’s kinetic molecular theory?
- Entities in solids, liquids and gases are in constant random motion.
- As entities move, they collide with one another and any other object in their path.
The idea that all substances are composed of entities that are in constant, random motion.
What’s kinetic energy?
The energy of an entity due to its motion.
What does the evidence suggest about attractive forces between gas molecules?
Based on evidence and properties of gases, we can assume there are no attractive forces between gas molecules.
How do gas molecules move in relation to each other?
Gas molecules move in straight lines independently of one another, with no attraction or repulsion between entities.
Why are gases the easiest state of matter to compress?
Because the distance between gas particles is large due to the lack of attractive forces between them.
Who discovered the Kelvin temperature scale?
Lord Kelvin.
Why was Kelvin discovered?
Because the volume of gases was noticed to become zero at -273.15C.
What is absolute zero?
Absolute zero is the theoretical temperature at which the entities of a material contain no kinetic energy.
What would happen to entities with 0 K?
In theory, 0 K entities have no motion and therefore no kinetic energy.
What is Charles’ Law?
Charles’ Law is the relationship between volume & temperature.
What is the relationship between volume & temperature?
The volume of a gas increases as temperature increases.
Why does volume increase proportionally to temperature?
Entities move faster, increasing the number of collisions between each other and the wall of the container.
