Unit 5 test Flashcards
body’s response to changes in its normal balanced state ; has a holistic effect ; highly individualized ; can have a positive or negative effect
stress
anything that causes stress ; can be positive or negative
stressors
stressors we place on ourselves
internal stressors
stressors that pull us in different directions
external stressors
stressors caused by puberty, marriage, college
developmental stressors
stressors caused by loss, death, or school exams
situational stressors
mental and behavioral responses to stress ; unconsciously learned ; may be good or bad ; it is the focus of nursing
coping
change that takes place as a result of responding to a stressor ; ability to tolerate changing situations
adaptation
aspects of stressors ; number and nature of other stressors ; characteristics of individuals that influence stress response
factors influencing response to stressors
developmental crisis ; situational crisis ; adventitious crisis
types of stress
intensity, scope, duration
aspects of stressors
implement strategies to prevent stressors
predictability
universal situations which occur as a person grows from one developmental stage to another EX school, competition , parenthood, lack of family
developmental stress
unpredictable sudden change in a person’s role or function in a social situation EX graduation, retirement, loss of partner
situational stress
unpredictable events EX loss of possessions, disasters, winning the lotto
adventitious stress
mild, moderate , severe, panic
anxiety responses
Normal muscle tone, copes well, optimal for learning
mild anxiety
muscle tension, nervous , clear thinking diminished
moderate anxiety
increased vital signs , loss of control, no learning possible
severe anxiety
out of control, terror, cant cooperate or collaborate
panic anxiety
headaches, dilated pupils, frequent urination, skin changes, muscle tighten
physical sign and Sx of anxiety
lack of concentration, insomnia,
mental signs of anxiety
fatigued, impatient, low self-esteem\m anorexia, nightmares
emotional signs of anxiety
difficulty communicating blaming separates self from social support inability to adapt to social situations
social signs and Sx of anxiety
lack of purpose in life, lack of love to self, no longer interested in god
spiritual signs and Sx of anxiety
anxiety, fear, ineffective coping, ineffective denial, care giver role strain
nursing diagnosis associated to stress and coping
teaching health promotion, positive support system, encourage complimentary methods of coping
nursing intervention related to stress and coping
removal, change,or reduction of something appreciated
Loss
actual, perceived, anticipatory, developmental, situational
types of lost
a recognize lost
actual lost
experienced by one person and not experienced by others
perceived lost
experienced before actual lost. example terminal illness
anticipatory lost
lost of job or spouse
situational lost
emotional response to the lost; based on past experience cultural expectations, and spiritual beliefs;unique to individuals
grief
social expression of lost; behavior response seen
mourning
encompasses both mourning and grief; experience by the survivor
bereavement
developmental level, experiences, cultural expectations, religious belief, cause of death, coping strategies, social economic status
factors affecting grief
most common reaction to lost
normal/ uncomplicated grief
unresolved, unhealthy, delayed coping that disrupts daily life, and that last more than 6 months
complicated/dysfunctional grief
unconscious process of letting go
anticipatory grief
unsupported grief that cannot be publicly shared
disenfranchised grief
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance;not experienced in any particular order
kubler-ross 5 stages of dieing
can sometime get us through the situations; refusal to accept facts
denial
angry at situations god or staff, or at person who died
anger
makes promises; is a part of anticipatory grieving
bargaining
sad hopeless,has suicidal tendency
depression
incorporates lost into life; ability to move forward with life
acceptance
dignity ,comfort, and control
dieing patients bill of rights
identify own fears,determine what the patient knows, be honest and direct, understand coping
what to do with the dieing patient
block discussion, change the subject, offer false reassurance,be distant
what not to do with a dieing patient
person sense of connections to a higher power;gives us purposes
spirituality
organize systems of beliefs, practices and has code of conduct
religion
collective scriptures, performance rituals, rules of conduct, ways to take care of souls, common beliefs
criteria for religion
meaning in life has the ability to love interactions with others to share thoughts and feeling, and beliefs
indicator of spiritual health
lack of hope, sudden change in practices, refusing interactions with family
indicators of spiritual distress
what gives your life meaning , what heals your spirit, what are your ethics and values, what are your beliefs
nursing assessment questions to determine Pts spiritual status
spiritual distress, potential for enhanced well being
nursing diagnosis related to spirituality
fifth vital sign, reports presence of severe discomforts;purely subjective,
pain
stimuli sends an impulse,neuro transmitters are released
transduction
pain impulse transmission begins
transmission
point at which person is aware of the pain ;inhibitory transmitters are released
perceptions
inhibition of pain impulse
modulator
pain impulses pass through nerve fibers
gait open (gait control theory of pain)
pain impulses block by large nerve fibers
gait closed ( Gait control theory of pain)
acute, chronic,cancer,
types of pain
sudden short durations, well defined, can develop into chronic
acute pain
develops slowly last a long time , difficult to treat, depression can develop
chronic pain
transduction, transmission, perception, modular
physiology of pain
substance P, Bradykinin, seratonin, prosta glandens, endorphins, histamine
neuro regulators
pain can be modified in thalmus, lymbic system or S.C.
gait control theory
cutaneous, somatic. or visceral
pain according to origin
radiating pain, referred pain, intractable pain, and neuropathic pain
pain according to where its experienced
felt at the source of the cause and extends to the nearby tissues
radiating pain
felt pain in another area
referred pain
resistant to usual relief measures
intractable pain
disturbances in peripheral or central nervous system
neuropathic pain
cancer pain, migraine syndrome
pain according to certain pain syndrome
actual pain felt in a missing body part
phantom pain
amount of stimulation before a person feels pain; same intensity or all races and cultures, maybe different genetically
pain threshold
maximal amount and duration of pain that an individual is willing to endure
pain tolerance
physiological, social, spiritual, psychological,cultural,
factors affecting pain
ask,believe, choose, deliver,empower
neumonic for approach for pain management
bias, vague or incomplete assessment poor pain assessment tools, patients not being forth coming, unable to communicate
barriers to effecting pain management
precipitating / aggravating factors quality, region, severity , time, effects on ADL’s
pain history assessment
what makes the pain occur, or increase
precipitating/aggravating factors
what words would you use to describe your pain
quality
where is your pain
region
how would you rate your pain on scale 1-10
severity
when did it begin, how long have you had it, how long does it last, is it intermittent or constant
time
how much does it interfere with your lifestyle
affects on ADL’s
verbal expressions, physical behaviors, others subjective signs
assessment of pain
physical, vocalizations, facial expressions, body movement, social interactions
common responses to pain
acute pain, and chronic pain
nursing diagnosis related to pain management
assess, monitor, and document pain status, administer drug,control stimuli
nursing intervention related to pain management
hydrocolater packs,kpad,moist compresses, paraphin waxes,tub soaks
types of heat therapy
chemical pads, ice bags, moist compresses
types of cold therapy
