unit 5 test Flashcards
runoff
Water flowing along the surface
infiltration
water seeping into the ground
Evaporate
what are going back into the atmosphere
permeability(PSAT)
the way water moves into other materials and how fast it is
slope of the land
infiltration less runoff more
vegetation cover
infiltration more runoff more
porosity
% of airspace
factors affecting porosity
(what are the factors affecting porosity)
1.shape
-particles more rounded porosity increases
2.packing
-as particles become more tightly packed porosity decreases
3.sorting
-as particles become more unsorted porosity decreases
4.SIZE
-particle size can go up or down but porosity will remains the SAME
Aquifer
layer of rock which holds moisture
capillary action
ability of water to move upward through a material
stream discharge
amount of water flowing through a stream
highest during a water Surplus(PSAT)
lowest during water deficit(PSAT)
Weathering
the physical or chemical breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces
oxidation
when oxygen(H2Ov) unites chemical material
“Rust”
Hydration
when H2O unites chemically with a material
physical weathering
the breakdown of rocks by applying some Force
Frost action
alternate freezing and thawing of H2O, as H2O freezes it expands
Abrasion
as a rocks are moved along the Earth’s surface they rub into each other
plants and animals
plant roots work their way into cracks within rocks exerting pressure and causing them to crack
factors affecting the rate and type of weathering
(What are the factors affecting the rate and type of weathering)
1.Exposure
-in order to weather rocks need to be at or near the earths surface
2.particles Size
-As a rock breaks into pieces, the surface area increases, therefore the rate of weathering increases
3.Mineral Composition
-Rocks made up of harder minerals will take longer weather.
4.Climate
-Average weather conditions over a long period of time
Soil
broken up pieces of rock and biological activity
Erosion
The movement of loose material along the earths surface
{TSE} Transporting systems of Erosion
(what are the ways of Transporting systems of Erosion)
1.Gravity
2.running water
3.Wave Action
4.Glacier
5. wind
*6. people
In order from most to least
{TSE}
Gravity
force that pulls objects towards the earth
driving force behind all erosion
{TSE}
Wave Action
when blowing over a large body of water creating friction which transfers to energy from the wind to the body of water.
{TSE}
Running water
predominant agents of erosion
{TSE}
Glacier
a large body of ice Over land, consisting of red recrystallized which flows
Soil Conservation
techniques developed to guard against the loss of soil.
{TSE}
Wind
action of when picking up small loose material
solution
dissolved
suspension
carried by being held up within the water
Saltation (Bedload)
Bouncing, rolling along the stream bottom.
Stream Abrasion
grinding and scraping off one rock into
another caused by the flow of water.
shape valleys
V shaped valleys for Rivers
stream velocity
As Stream velocity increase, the
amount of erosion increase
factors affecting velocity
(what are the factors affecting velocity)
1.gradient
-the steeper the slope the greater velocity of the water
2.discharge
- the volume of H2O flowing Downstream as discharge increases the velocity of water increases
3.Channel shape
-water travels faster in the center and it is just below the surface
-water travels faster on the outside of the curve and just below the surface
what are the two types of glaciers
1.Valley glaciers
-forms at high elevation in the depression of the Mountainside
2.Ice sheet
-huge sheets of ice which spread over great distances
u-shaped valleys
unsorted sediments
people and erosion
(what are the main causes of people eroding the Earth)
1.construction
2.deforestation
3.mining
4. poor farming practices
