unit 5 sucks Flashcards
agribuisness
commercial agriculture is characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry
aquaculture
cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions
cash crop
crops grown for profit instead of human consumption
bid rent theory
the closer to an urban center the more expensive the land is
cereal grains
grass that yields grain for food
clustered rural settlement pattern
rural settlement in which houses and farm buildings are situated close to each other fields and surround the settlement
Columbian exchange
exchange of food ideas and disease between the 2 hemispheres
commodity
material that can be sold or bought
commodity chain (supply chain/value chain)
people materials and ideas move to make a finished product shipped to consumer
community-supported agriculture(csa)
stonks
crop rotation
rotating what plants are planted on a plot of land to prevent nutrient loss
deforestation
cutting down forests for greedy capitalist reasons
desertification
degradation of land most especially in semiarid regions because of human activity
dispersed rural settlement pattern
rural settlement characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages
double cropping
cropping 2x a year
domestication
taming an animal and then breeding out desirable characteristics
economies of scale
savings in cost due to increased production
extensive farming practices
small inputs of labor fertilizer and capital relative to land being farmed
factory farm
farm maximizing profits whilst using least amount of resources
fair trade (in agriculture)
concept in developing countries to help create sustainability
fallow
land is left to rest to regain nutrients
family farm
usually, a subsistence, characterized by family ownership and relatively low output
farm subsidies
the governmental subsidy paid to farmers to supplement their income, manage the supply of agricultural commodities, and influence cost
feedlot
plot of land used to fatten up livestock
fertile crescent
a region smack dab in between 2 rivers
fertilizer
chemical used to make plants grow better
food desert
area that has limited access to affordable and nutritious food
food security/insecurity
physical social and economic access to food at all times
green revolution
using science, crops were able to increase yield sizes, which needed more water and fertilizer. Also yay dwarf wheat/rice
GMOs
Genetically modified organisms
hybridization
breeding 2 organisms together for an intended result
intensive farming practices
smaller land holdings and requires large amounts of labor
irrigation
watering plants
linear rural settlement pattern
rural settlement clustered around a road, river, or dike
long-lot survey
narrow land plots with access to a river
maize(corn)
cereal grain is mostly grown for livestock and biofuel
market gardening
small scale production of fruits vegetables and flowers
metes and bounds survey
real estate measured by natural landmarks
milkshed
distance milk can be transported without spoiling
mixed crop/livestock
crops and livestock grown on the same farm, usually the crops are fed to the livestock because farms like money
monoculture
cultivation of a single crop
neolithic revolution(1st agricultural revolution)
when humans first learned to grow plants and not rely entirely on hunting
organic food production
no artificial colors, pesticides, GMOs, or hormones
overgrazing
animals eat too much
paddy
Malay word for wet rice and now increasingly used to describe a flooded food)
pastoral nomadism(and interferences with it
subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals
pesticide
the chemical sprayed to kill/discourage animals/plants/disease from ruining everything
plantation
farms that usually plant cash crops
polder
land created by draining water from an area
ranching
raising herds on large plots of land
rectangular survey
plotting in US consisting of grid made of rectangles
second agricultural revolution
industrialization of farming
selective breeding
selecting what traits go and which ones go away
shifting cultifvation
also slash and burn, burning biomass to fertilize the ground
soil salinization
level of water-soluble salts accumulate to a point where it’s detrimental to crops
specialty farming
crops cultivated for food, medicine, or aesthetics
subsidy (with us government)
financial grants given to private farms to stimulate economic activity
subsistence agriculture
farming with little surplus
suburbanization
growth and spatial reorganization of a city
supply chain
system of organization people technology activities information and resources that turn resources to a finished products delivered to end consumer
sustainability
farming without depleting resources/land
swidden
land cleared for cultivation by slashing and burning vegetation
terracing
form land into steps usually for rice farming
township and range survey
rectangular blocks 6 square miles
transhumance
moving livestock from 1 grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle
urbanization
making an area more urban
vertical integration
single entity controls the entire process of a product
von thunen model
cirles proposed by a german man to solve some problems
what is the von thunen model trying to show
how distance affects what crops are grown
what are the rings on the von thunen model
urban center/market,intensive farming/dairy, forests, crops, ranching
what are the factors that contribute to where land use falls into various rings
transportation cost and perishability of materials
why land use in each ring
money
what did the model not include
modern agricultural/industrial techniques
waterlogging of soil
Whittlesey’s 11 agricultural regions
classification of land based on climate and soil
what factors lead to Whittlesey dividing land use types
what the soil is good for and what the climate can support
what are Whittlesey’s 11 regions( are they subsistence or commercial, intensive or extensive, in developing/developed)
little/no agricultural, pastoral nomadism, intensive cultivation(wet rice dominant or not), shifting cultivation, plantation|mixed livestock & crop, dairying, grain, livestock ranching, Mediterranean farming, Commercial gardening
