Unit 2 (My brain hurts) ;-; Flashcards
What is arithmetic density?
People divided by total land area
What is physiological density?
People to arable land
What is agricultural density?
Farmers to the amount of arable land
What is arable land?
Land capable of growing food
What is the global population distribution?
Clusters in East Asia, South Asia, Europe, and Southeast. Approximately 5 Billion people live in these regions
What is carrying capacity?
The amount of people resources can support
What is a census?
In America, the census is mainly used to decide how many representatives a state gets in the house of representatives. Unfortunately, gerrymandering across multiple states usually twists in favor of the Republicans
What is overpopulation?
When resources cannot support the population
What is a LDC?
Least developed countries, with low development of everything.
What is a MDC?
More developed countries have better infrastructure, but still, have a growing population
What is a HDC?
Highly developed countries have slow or declining growth.
What is natural increase rate?
Percentage a country´s population grows in a year
What is crude birth rate(CBR)?
Amount of live births per 1000 people
What is crude death rate(CDR)?
The number of deaths per 1000 people
What is doubling time?
The time it takes for a population to double
What is the total fertility rate (TFR?)
The number of children a woman usually would have between ages 15-49.
What is the replacement fertility ratio?
Base minimum: 2:1 babies per women on average to keep a constant population
What is an ecumene?
A part of Earth’s surface that has been permanently inhabited by humans.
What are demographics?
Statistical data of an area’s population
What are the demographic transition stages?
Stage 1(the UK before the revolution), Stage(The Gambia), Stage 3(Mexico), Stage 4 (USA), and a hypothetical Stage 5, like in Japan and Ukraine.
What is zero population growth(ZPG)?
Close to zero growth in a country
What is the industrial revolution in terms of the demographic transition model?)
Stage 2, is when a country’s economic output skyrockets, has a major population boom, and the death rate plummets.
How does the sex ratio relate to India and China?
In India and China, aggressive policy-making towards the population resulted in people preferring boys. Unwanted baby girls were aborted, leading to the sex ratio being unequal.
What are population pyramids?
A Bar Graph representing the Male and Female population and how much of the total population they make up. An ideal pyramid has enough population to help support the older ones.
What are age cohorts?
Age groups
What is the dependency ratio?
Number of people too old/young to work to people in productive years
What is the elderly support ratio/graying?
people aged 15-64 to people 65+
What is Japan´s youth dependency ratio?
69.48%
What is the Epidemiologic transition model?
More or less the same as the Demographic transition stages. Shows birth rate, death rate, population, and increase rate
What are overpopulation theories?
The theory is that we will one day exceed the carrying capacity of the earth. Probably happens a few times in some regions.
Who was Thomas Malthus and what was his theory?
A British economist argued food supply was being eroded fast by the population
What is the criticism of Malthus´ theory?
Economic growth allows food production to increase, as technology that allows food production to increase can now be used. It is inequality that actually matters.
What is a Neo-Malthusian?
Someone who uses Malthus’ data and applies it to the modern day
What is Ester Boserup´s theory?
Population growth is independent of food production, and population increases are tied to an increase in food.
What are population policies?
Attempts to solve overpopulation usually come to bite said countries in the ass
What is China´s one-child policy?
Couples needed a permit to have a child, and only one child was allowed.
What is India´s family planning program?
Birth control and sterilization
What does Japan´s population pyramid look like?
Narrow at the base.
What is Prontalism?
Encouraging people to have babies
What is Mobility?
Movement from one place to another
What is circulation?
Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that occur regularly
What is emigration?
migration from a place
What is immigration?
migration to a place
What is internal migration?
Inside a country
What is international migration?
Travel between countries
What is interregional migration?
between regions of a country
What is intraregional migration?
migration inside of a region
What is net in-migration?
a country gains migrants
What is net-out migration?
A country loses population via emigration
What is step migration?
Less extreme migrations to a final destination
What is Wilbur Zelinsky´s model of migration?
Migration depends on country’s development level and its type of society
What is voluntary migration?
voluntary
What is forced migration?
forced
What are the motivation of historic European and present Latin American migrations?
Better opportunity
What is the Erie Canal?
The canal gave an economic opportunity
Why did Brazil move its Capital?
reviving national pride
What is suburbanization?
growth of a city
What is counterurbanization?
Urban to rural
What are push factors and some examples?
Push away from a place. (war, famine, crappy job)
What are pull factors and some examples?
Pull to (economy good, prestige)
What is an internally displaced person(IDP)?
Forced to leave home but still remaining inside a country
What does the situation in Afghanistan and Syria relate to refugees?
Intense civil wars and American intervention forces people to relocate elsewhere.
What is an Asylum seeker?
Someone who has migrated in hope of being recognized as a refugee
What is an Intervening obstacle?
Environmental/political feature that hinders migration
What are Remittances?
Transfer of money by workers to people in the country they originated in
What are Ravenstein´s laws of migration?
Most immigrants were relatively young males that traveled solo.
What is Lee´s migration model?
Push/pull factors accounting for why people migrate
What is a guest/migrant worker?
Someone who migrates to pursue work
What is chain migration?
People follow others to a particular location
What is Brain drain?
Smartasses leaving a country
What is brain gain?
Smartasses entering a country
What are quotas?
Maximum allowed number of migrations
What is circular migration?
Repetitive migration between a few areas
What are some examples of state government attempts to limit migration?
What is Europe’s absorption of immigrants?
Middle east
