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ICP > Unit 5--Spring > Flashcards

Unit 5--Spring Flashcards

To increase comprehension of the subject through repetition of vocabulary and core concepts.

1
Q

What are the two parts found in the nucleus of an atom?

A

proton and neutron

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2
Q

Where are electrons found in an atom?

A

electron cloud

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3
Q

proton

A

positive charged particle; found in nucleus

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4
Q

neutron

A

neutral particle; found in nucleus

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5
Q

electron

A

negatively charged particle; found outside nucleus in electron cloud

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6
Q

nucleus

A

center of atom; contains protons and neutrons

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7
Q

quarks

A

particles that make up protons and neutrons

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8
Q

mass number

A

number of protons and neutrons in an element

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9
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons in an element

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10
Q

number of neutrons in an element is found by

A

subtracting atomic number from mass number

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11
Q

isotope

A

an element with same number of protons and differing number of neutrons

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12
Q

chemical symbol

A

shorthand letter representation for each element

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13
Q

horizontal rows

A

periods

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14
Q

vertical columns

A

groups

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15
Q

chart where elements are listed by increasing atomic number

A

periodic table of elements

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16
Q

Periods

A

increasing atomic number; similar chemical and physical properties in each period

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17
Q

groups

A

similar chemical properties in each group

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18
Q

metals

A

located on the left of periodic table; shiny, good conductors

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19
Q

non-metals

A

located on the right side of periodic table; mostly gases

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20
Q

metalloids

A

possess characteristics of both metals and non-metals; located in middle and right side of periodic table

21
Q

synthetic

A

man-made elements; do not exist in nature

22
Q

organic

A

elements that are found in nature; composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

23
Q

valence electrons

A

electrons located in the outermost electron shell; where bonding occurs; 8 is the maximum number of electrons in this level; have the most energy

24
Q

Mendeleev

A

first scientist to organize elements into chart; by atomic mass

25
Q

Moseley

A

re-organized periodic chart by atomic number

26
Q

compounds

A

2 or more elements chemically bonded together

27
Q

chemical bond

A

force that holds atoms together; done by gaining, losing or sharing valence electrons

28
Q

electrons closest to nucleus have

A

the least amount of energy; only 2 can be in this energy level

29
Q

energy level

A

amount of energy an electron can have

30
Q

eight electrons

A

fill the second energy level; have more energy than first energy level with 2 electrons

31
Q

number of valence electrons

A

tells how many bonds an atom can form

32
Q

valence electrons in groups

A

have the same number of valence electrons

33
Q

electron dot diagram

A

model showing valence electrons around an element’s chemical symbol

34
Q

stable atoms

A

have eight valence electrons (4 pairs); atoms want to have 8 valence electrons and form bonds to get it

35
Q

unstable atoms

A

have unpaired electrons; number of unpaired electrons equals number of bonds atom can form

36
Q

noble gases

A

group 18; have 8 valence electrons

37
Q

ion

A

atom that has more electrons than protons OR more protons then electrons

38
Q

positive ion

A

loses electron(s)

39
Q

negative ion

A

gains electron(s)

40
Q

ionic bond

A

forms between metals and nonmetals

41
Q

covalent bond

A

equal sharing of electrons

42
Q

metallic bond

A

bond between metals; electrons “pool” or float in a sea around positive nucleuses

43
Q

polar molecule

A

slightly negative or positive end to the molecule; example water

44
Q

electron dot diagram

A

shows unpaired valence electrons(outer shell electrons); electrons available to bond

45
Q

Which particle in an atom is involved in chemical bonding?

A

electron

46
Q

Single covalent bonds

A

one pair of valence electrons

47
Q

double covalent bonds

A

two pair of valence electrons

48
Q

triple covalent bonds

A

involve three pairs of valence electrons and are the strongest covalent bond

49
Q

Which group of elements is the most stable?

A

Noble gases; group 18

ICP (3 decks)

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