Unit 5--Spring

Question 1

What are the two parts found in the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 1

proton and neutron

Question 2

Where are electrons found in an atom?

Answer 2

electron cloud

Question 3

proton

Answer 3

positive charged particle; found in nucleus

Question 4

neutron

Answer 4

neutral particle; found in nucleus

Question 5

electron

Answer 5

negatively charged particle; found outside nucleus in electron cloud

Question 6

nucleus

Answer 6

center of atom; contains protons and neutrons

Question 7

quarks

Answer 7

particles that make up protons and neutrons

Question 8

mass number

Answer 8

number of protons and neutrons in an element

Question 9

atomic number

Answer 9

number of protons in an element

Question 10

number of neutrons in an element is found by

Answer 10

subtracting atomic number from mass number

Question 11

isotope

Answer 11

an element with same number of protons and differing number of neutrons

Question 12

chemical symbol

Answer 12

shorthand letter representation for each element

Question 13

horizontal rows

Answer 13

periods

Question 14

vertical columns

Answer 14

groups

Question 15

chart where elements are listed by increasing atomic number

Answer 15

periodic table of elements

Question 16

Periods

Answer 16

increasing atomic number; similar chemical and physical properties in each period

Question 17

groups

Answer 17

similar chemical properties in each group

Question 18

metals

Answer 18

located on the left of periodic table; shiny, good conductors

Question 19

non-metals

Answer 19

located on the right side of periodic table; mostly gases

Question 20

metalloids

Answer 20

possess characteristics of both metals and non-metals; located in middle and right side of periodic table

Question 21

synthetic

Answer 21

man-made elements; do not exist in nature

Question 22

organic

Answer 22

elements that are found in nature; composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 23

valence electrons

Answer 23

electrons located in the outermost electron shell; where bonding occurs; 8 is the maximum number of electrons in this level; have the most energy

Question 24

Mendeleev

Answer 24

first scientist to organize elements into chart; by atomic mass

Question 25

Moseley

Answer 25

re-organized periodic chart by atomic number

Question 26

compounds

Answer 26

2 or more elements chemically bonded together

Question 27

chemical bond

Answer 27

force that holds atoms together; done by gaining, losing or sharing valence electrons

Question 28

electrons closest to nucleus have

Answer 28

the least amount of energy; only 2 can be in this energy level

Question 29

energy level

Answer 29

amount of energy an electron can have

Question 30

eight electrons

Answer 30

fill the second energy level; have more energy than first energy level with 2 electrons

Question 31

number of valence electrons

Answer 31

tells how many bonds an atom can form

Question 32

valence electrons in groups

Answer 32

have the same number of valence electrons

Question 33

electron dot diagram

Answer 33

model showing valence electrons around an element's chemical symbol

Question 34

stable atoms

Answer 34

have eight valence electrons (4 pairs); atoms want to have 8 valence electrons and form bonds to get it

Question 35

unstable atoms

Answer 35

have unpaired electrons; number of unpaired electrons equals number of bonds atom can form

Question 36

noble gases

Answer 36

group 18; have 8 valence electrons

Question 37

ion

Answer 37

atom that has more electrons than protons OR more protons then electrons

Question 38

positive ion

Answer 38

loses electron(s)

Question 39

negative ion

Answer 39

gains electron(s)

Question 40

ionic bond

Answer 40

forms between metals and nonmetals

Question 41

covalent bond

Answer 41

equal sharing of electrons

Question 42

metallic bond

Answer 42

bond between metals; electrons "pool" or float in a sea around positive nucleuses

Question 43

polar molecule

Answer 43

slightly negative or positive end to the molecule; example water

Question 44

electron dot diagram

Answer 44

shows unpaired valence electrons(outer shell electrons); electrons available to bond

Question 45

Which particle in an atom is involved in chemical bonding?

Answer 45

electron

Question 46

Single covalent bonds

Answer 46

one pair of valence electrons

Question 47

double covalent bonds

Answer 47

two pair of valence electrons

Question 48

triple covalent bonds

Answer 48

involve three pairs of valence electrons and are the strongest covalent bond

Question 49

Which group of elements is the most stable?

Answer 49

Noble gases; group 18