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ICP > Unit 3--Fall > Flashcards

Unit 3--Fall Flashcards

Strengthen knowledge of vocabulary to increase comprehension of subject

1
Q

measure of the amount of kinetic energy in a material/object

A

temperature

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2
Q

sum of potential and kinetic energy in an object

A

thermal energy

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3
Q

thermal energy that flows from an area of high temperature to an area of low temperature

A

heat

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4
Q

amount of heat required to raise 1 kg of a material by 1 degree C

A

specific heat

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5
Q

transfers thermal energy by electromagnetic waves

A

radiation

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6
Q

transfers thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter

A

conduction

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7
Q

transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by movement of warmer and cooler fluid from place to place, like currents

A

convection

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8
Q

material in which heat flows slowly

A

insulator

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9
Q

material in which heat flows quickly

A

conductor

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10
Q

how particles move: includes 3 parts
all matter is made up of particles, all particles are in constant, random motion and particles collide with themselves and their container

A

kinetic molecular theory

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11
Q

temperature at which a solid begins to liquefy, particles slip out of their ordered arrangement

A

melting point

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12
Q

amount of energy required to change a substance from solid to liquid at its melting point

A

heat of fusion

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13
Q

temperature at which pressure of the vapor in the liquid is equal to external pressure acting on the surface of liquid

A

boiling point

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14
Q

amount of energy required for liquid at its boiling point to become a gas

A

heat of vaporization

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15
Q

spreading of particles until particles are uniformly distributed, particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium

A

diffusion

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16
Q

matter consisting of positively and negatively charged particles

A

plasma

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17
Q

increase in size when temperature is increased

A

thermal expansion

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18
Q

ability of a liquid or gas to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it

A

buoyancy

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19
Q

force per unit area; measured in pascals

A

pressure

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20
Q

mass divided by volume

A

density

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21
Q

resistance to flow of a fluid; resistance of a fluid to flow

A

viscosity

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22
Q

Newton / meter squared; measure of pressure

A

pascal

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23
Q

plasma, solid, liquid, gas

A

four states of matter

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24
Q

buoyant force of an object is equal to the weight of the fluid the object displaces; if these are equal the object floats

A

Archimedes’ Principle

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25
Q

pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted unchanged throughout the fluid

A

Pascal’s Principle

26
Q

pressure exerted by a fluid decreases as it’s velocity increases; faster moving particles have less pressure than slower moving particles

A

Bernoulli’s Principle

27
Q

when volume of a gas decreases, the pressure increases at a constant temperature

A

Boyle’s Law

28
Q

volume of a gas increases when temperature increases at constant pressure

A

Charles’s Law

29
Q

repeating disturbance/movement that transfers energy through matter/space

A

wave

30
Q

matter waves travel though

A

medium

31
Q

matter in medium moves perpendicular to wave direction

A

transverse wave

32
Q

matter in medium moves in same direction as wave travels

A

compressional wave/longitudinal wave

33
Q

high points (top) in wave

A

crests

34
Q

low points (bottom) in wave

A

troughs

35
Q

dense region of compressional wave

A

compression

36
Q

less dense region of compressional wave

A

rarefaction

37
Q

distance crest to crest in transverse wave OR distance from compression to compression in compressional wave

A

wavelength

38
Q

number of wavelengths passing a fixed point in a second

A

frequency

39
Q

amount of time it take one wavelength to pass a point

A

period

40
Q

frequency times wavelength

A

wave speed

41
Q

distance from rest position to top of crest or bottom of trough

A

amplitude of transverse wave

42
Q

distance between coils in compressions and rarefaction

A

amplitude of longitudinal waves (compressional)

43
Q

wave strikes an object and bounces off

A

reflection

44
Q

bending of a wave caused by change in speed as it moves from medium to medium

A

refraction

45
Q

an object causes a wave to change direction and bend around the object

A

diffraction

46
Q

waves overlap and combine to form a new wave

A

interference

47
Q

waves in phase; 2 or more waves arrive at the same place at the same time to form a new wave, amplitudes are added together in the new wave

A

constructive interference

48
Q

waves out of phase; 2 or more waves arrive at the same place at the same time to form new wave, amplitudes are subtracted from each other in new wave

A

destructive interference

49
Q

wave pattern where waves of equal wavelength and amplitude travel in opposite directions

A

standing wave

50
Q

object vibrates by absorbing energy at its natural frequencies

A

resonance

51
Q

vibrating electric charges; transfer energy between vibrating electric and magnetic fields; travel through space

A

electromagnetic waves

52
Q

energy carried by electromagnetic waves

A

radiant energy

53
Q

particles whose energy depends on frequency of waves

A

photon

54
Q

low frequency electromagnetic waves with wavelengths longer than 1mm

A

radio waves

55
Q

radio waves with wavelengths less than 1m

A

microwaves

56
Q

electromagnetic waves with wavelength between 1mm and 750 billionths of a meter; thermal energy is transmitted by these

A

infrared waves

57
Q

range of electromagnetic waves detectable with your eyes; wavelengths from 750 billionths to 400 billionths of a meter

A

visible light

58
Q

electromagnetic waves with wavelength from 400 billionths to 10 billionths of a meter; cause sunburn and damage skin

A

ultraviolet waves

59
Q

electromagnetic waves with wavelengths from 10billionths of a meter to 10 trillionths of a meter; uses in medicine and airports

A

X-rays

60
Q

electromagnetic waves with wavelengths shorter than 10 trillionths of a meter; highest energy electromagnetic waves

A

gamma rays

61
Q

system of satellites, monitoring stations and receivers to determine exact location at or above Earth’s surface

A

Global Positioning System (GPS)

ICP (3 decks)

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