Unit 5 ~ Skin, Hair, Nails, and Hygiene.

Question 1

What is the epidermis layers?

Answer 1

a) stratum corneum- exposed top portion, multiple layers ,she’d constantly, keratinized. b) stratum germinativum (basale +spinosum)- inner layers, contain melanin/carotene, resproduces, forms epidermal ridges.

Question 2

What is the epidermis?

Answer 2

Thin and tough outer layer of skin. It’s a vascular, contain pigments for skin colour (melanin, carotene, vascular bed).

Question 3

What is the dermis?

Answer 3

Dense and irregular connective tissue. Contains collagen for strength, elastic fibres for flexibility, blood vessels, nerves, sensory receptors, lymphatics, and accessory organs.

Question 4

What is the subcutaneous layer?

Answer 4

Made of adipose tissue. Stabilizes skin in relation to underlying tissues. It’s a shock absorber, heat storage, and contains blood vessels.

Question 5

What are the functions of skin?

Answer 5

Protection, acts as a barrier, communication (blushing), maintenance of temperature, identification, wound repair by surface cell replacement, absorption, excretion, and produces Vit D.

Question 6

What is the hair structure and function?

Answer 6

Structure= follicle-root-shaft-arrector pili
Function= protects, insulates, and cushions head

Question 7

What are the 2 types of hair?

Answer 7

Velluss hair which is fuzzy and covers most of body.
Terminal hair is thicker.

Question 8

What is a sebaceous gland?

Answer 8

Associated with hair and it secretes sebum.

Question 9

What is sweat gland and types?

Answer 9

They excrete wast, cool skin, and provide protection. Eccrine (everywhere) glands. Apocrine (active after puberty, around nips and genital areas).

Question 10

What is the nail structure and function?

Answer 10

Structure= nail plate (hard top part, slightly curved) and nail bed (below nail plate)
Function= protect tips of fingers and toes

Question 11

What is the subjective data of skin?

Answer 11

Previous history of skin disease, change in mole, change in pigmentation, excessive dryness/moisture, pruritus (itching), ecchymosis (bruising), rash/legion, hair loss/changes, meds, change in nails, and environment hazards.

Question 12

What do we inspect/palpate for pertaining to skin?

Answer 12

Colour, pigmentation, colour change (jaundice-yellow, pallor-blanch, erythema- red/flush, and cyanosis- blue tinge), temperature, moisture, texture, thickness, edema (swelling), mobility/turgor, bruising, and tattoos.

Question 13

What do we record about a lesions if it is present?

Answer 13

colour, elevation, pattern/shape, size, location, and exudate (fluid that leaks out of blood vessels).

Question 14

What nemonic do we use to assess pigmented lesions?

Answer 14

ABCDE rule
A= assymetry
B= border
C= colour
D= diameter
E= evolution, elevation

Question 15

What do we inspect and palpate for in hair?

Answer 15

Colour, texture, lesions, distribution, and we divide hair into section to inspect.

Question 16

Inspect and f palpate for nails?

Answer 16

Shape/contour, profile sign (<160 degrees), consistency, colour, and capillary refill (press on nail edge and make sure colour returns fast).

Question 17

Developmental considerations for skin?

Answer 17

Infants have rashes, adolescents have acne, and older adults have dry skin/reduced hair growth/brittle nails.

Question 18

What are some common skin disorders?

Answer 18

Skin cancer (either carmiconas or melanomas which is more deadly), burns, and pressure injuries lead to ulcers/bedsores.

Question 19

What are the types of baths?

Answer 19

1. Complete/total- patient dependant for care, whole body washed, can’t bath themselves
2. Assisted- patient able to bath with some assistance
3. Partial- areas prone to odour are washed
4. Tub- rinse entire body
5. Shower
6. Bag bath- expensive, disposable package, bag with moistened clothes and its used for people that are bed ridden

Question 20

What is the order to clean someone?

Answer 20

Face-neck-arms/axilla (distal to prostal) -hands-chest (under breast)-abdomen-legs-feet-back (massage)-peri care

Question 21

What order do you was peri care?

Answer 21

Front to back.

Question 22

What kind of razor can you use to shave men?

Answer 22

Electric razor

Question 23

How do we dress a patient?

Answer 23

Dress affected side 1st and undress affected side last.

Question 24

What is oral hygiene?

Answer 24

Wear gloves, clean/rinse teeth, floss, and encourage independence.

Question 25

How do you do oral care for unconscious patient?

Answer 25

Position patient on side, basin under mouth, wear gloves, toothbrush, pad tongue between lips, foam swab, rinse mouth carefully, and suction as necessary.

Question 26

How do we take care of dentures?

Answer 26

Use gauze to remove, can soak overnight, can brush them as well.

Question 27

What does aspiration mean?

Answer 27

When food/liquid enters a persons airway and eventually the lungs.

Question 28

How do you give a bed bath?

Answer 28

Provide privacy, raise bed, remove everything except top sheet, bath blanket on, gown off, wear gloves, then wash body parts in order.

Question 29

How to wash a guys pe pe?

Answer 29

Tell what you’re doing as you go, wash the tip of penis, then down to the shaft in circular motion, then ball part (scrotum), and lift it to wash under it.

Question 30

How to wash women’s perineal?

Answer 30

Clean front to back, wash 1 labial fold then the other, clean directly over centre, and dry.

Question 31

What is the Braden scale for predicting pressure sore risk?

Answer 31

Scores between 1-4. Sever risk is less than 9. Medium risk is 10-12. Characteristics are sensory perception (ability to second to pressure related discomfort), moisture (degree to which skin is exposed to moisture), activity (physical activity), mobility (ability to change/control body position), nutrition (usual food intake), and friction/shear.