Unit 5 ~ Skin, Hair, Nails, and Hygiene. Flashcards
What is the epidermis layers?
a) stratum corneum- exposed top portion, multiple layers ,she’d constantly, keratinized. b) stratum germinativum (basale +spinosum)- inner layers, contain melanin/carotene, resproduces, forms epidermal ridges.
What is the epidermis?
Thin and tough outer layer of skin. It’s a vascular, contain pigments for skin colour (melanin, carotene, vascular bed).
What is the dermis?
Dense and irregular connective tissue. Contains collagen for strength, elastic fibres for flexibility, blood vessels, nerves, sensory receptors, lymphatics, and accessory organs.
What is the subcutaneous layer?
Made of adipose tissue. Stabilizes skin in relation to underlying tissues. It’s a shock absorber, heat storage, and contains blood vessels.
What are the functions of skin?
Protection, acts as a barrier, communication (blushing), maintenance of temperature, identification, wound repair by surface cell replacement, absorption, excretion, and produces Vit D.
What is the hair structure and function?
Structure= follicle-root-shaft-arrector pili
Function= protects, insulates, and cushions head
What are the 2 types of hair?
Velluss hair which is fuzzy and covers most of body.
Terminal hair is thicker.
What is a sebaceous gland?
Associated with hair and it secretes sebum.
What is sweat gland and types?
They excrete wast, cool skin, and provide protection. Eccrine (everywhere) glands. Apocrine (active after puberty, around nips and genital areas).
What is the nail structure and function?
Structure= nail plate (hard top part, slightly curved) and nail bed (below nail plate)
Function= protect tips of fingers and toes
What is the subjective data of skin?
Previous history of skin disease, change in mole, change in pigmentation, excessive dryness/moisture, pruritus (itching), ecchymosis (bruising), rash/legion, hair loss/changes, meds, change in nails, and environment hazards.
What do we inspect/palpate for pertaining to skin?
Colour, pigmentation, colour change (jaundice-yellow, pallor-blanch, erythema- red/flush, and cyanosis- blue tinge), temperature, moisture, texture, thickness, edema (swelling), mobility/turgor, bruising, and tattoos.
What do we record about a lesions if it is present?
colour, elevation, pattern/shape, size, location, and exudate (fluid that leaks out of blood vessels).
What nemonic do we use to assess pigmented lesions?
ABCDE rule
A= assymetry
B= border
C= colour
D= diameter
E= evolution, elevation
What do we inspect and palpate for in hair?
Colour, texture, lesions, distribution, and we divide hair into section to inspect.
Inspect and f palpate for nails?
Shape/contour, profile sign (<160 degrees), consistency, colour, and capillary refill (press on nail edge and make sure colour returns fast).
Developmental considerations for skin?
Infants have rashes, adolescents have acne, and older adults have dry skin/reduced hair growth/brittle nails.
What are some common skin disorders?
Skin cancer (either carmiconas or melanomas which is more deadly), burns, and pressure injuries lead to ulcers/bedsores.
What are the types of baths?
- Complete/total- patient dependant for care, whole body washed, can’t bath themselves
- Assisted- patient able to bath with some assistance
- Partial- areas prone to odour are washed
- Tub- rinse entire body
- Shower
- Bag bath- expensive, disposable package, bag with moistened clothes and its used for people that are bed ridden
What is the order to clean someone?
Face-neck-arms/axilla (distal to prostal) -hands-chest (under breast)-abdomen-legs-feet-back (massage)-peri care
What order do you was peri care?
Front to back.
What kind of razor can you use to shave men?
Electric razor
How do we dress a patient?
Dress affected side 1st and undress affected side last.
What is oral hygiene?
Wear gloves, clean/rinse teeth, floss, and encourage independence.
How do you do oral care for unconscious patient?
Position patient on side, basin under mouth, wear gloves, toothbrush, pad tongue between lips, foam swab, rinse mouth carefully, and suction as necessary.
How do we take care of dentures?
Use gauze to remove, can soak overnight, can brush them as well.
What does aspiration mean?
When food/liquid enters a persons airway and eventually the lungs.
How do you give a bed bath?
Provide privacy, raise bed, remove everything except top sheet, bath blanket on, gown off, wear gloves, then wash body parts in order.
How to wash a guys pe pe?
Tell what you’re doing as you go, wash the tip of penis, then down to the shaft in circular motion, then ball part (scrotum), and lift it to wash under it.
How to wash women’s perineal?
Clean front to back, wash 1 labial fold then the other, clean directly over centre, and dry.
What is the Braden scale for predicting pressure sore risk?
Scores between 1-4. Sever risk is less than 9. Medium risk is 10-12. Characteristics are sensory perception (ability to second to pressure related discomfort), moisture (degree to which skin is exposed to moisture), activity (physical activity), mobility (ability to change/control body position), nutrition (usual food intake), and friction/shear.
