Unit 3 ~ Quality and Patient Safety, Infection Control, Bed Making, and Positioning Flashcards
What is the chain of infection?
- Infectious agent
- Reservoir
- Portal of exit
- Mode of transmission
- Portal of entry
- Host
What does infectious agent mean? (microorganism)
Depends on the more there are=more likely to cause infection, virulence (organisms ability to cause disease), entry/survival in host, susceptibility of host (likeliness of getting sick).
What is an HAI?
Health care associated infection. Enters a health care facility and you get an infection from there. also known a nosocomial infection.
What is a reservoir?
Place where pathogen is stored like wounds, human body.
What does survival for pathogens entail?
Food, water, pH (usually 7.0), temperature, little light, and sometimes oxygen depending on anaerobic vs. aerobic.
What does portal of exit mean?
Path to leave reservoir. Can be body openings (mouth, rectum), break in skin/mucous membranes. Pathogens require fluid to leave.
What is mode of transmission?
Reservoir to host. Can be direct, indirect, or droplet contact (air, speaking). Can also be air, vehicles, vectors (animals or insects that carry disease).
How do we reduce transmission of disease?
Hand hygiene, not sharing equipment, and PPE.
What is portal of entry?
Same as portal of exit. Devices used on patient are portals available. When our body defences are reduced, more pathogens can enter.
What is host?
Degree of resistance to pathogen. Resistance is increased by immunization and exposure to disease. Also depend on susceptibility.
What is the order of donning and doffing PPE?
Donning- HH, gown, mask, eye wear, gloves
Doffing- Gloves, HH, gown, HH, eye wear, mask, HH
What does normal flora mean?
Good bacteria. Like our microbes in our gut.
What are some of our body defence mechanisms?
Skin, tears, urine, cilia, stomach acid, immune system.
What is inflammation?
Protective vascular reaction. It is evident by pain, swelling, heat, and swelling.
3 steps of inflammatory response?
- Vascular/cell response (vessels dilate to bring WBC)
- Exudate (removes the microorganism, serous-clear, sanguineous- lot of blood, purulent- pus)
- Tissue repair