Unit 5 science test Flashcards
Species-
A group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and
produce fertile offspring.
Adaptation-
An adaptation is a trait that helps an organism survive and
reproduce.
Evolution-
The gradual change in a species over time.
Selective Breeding-
Selective breeding occurs when circumstances cause only an
organism with a desirable trait to reproduce with an organism
that also has that desirable trait.
Natural Selection-
The process by which individuals that are better adapted to
their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
than other members of the same species.
Overproduction-
One factor that affects natural selection.With so many offspring there is a lack of resources.
Meaning a lack of food, water, and living space.
Variations-
A variation is any difference between individuals of the same
species.
Competition-
Food and other resources are limited, scientists call this scarce.
Environmental Change-
A change in the environment can affect an organism’s ability
to survive.
Branching Trees-
Diagrams that show how scientists think different organisms
are related.
Fossil-
The preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other
organisms of the past.
Paleontologist-
A scientist who studies the remains or traces of extinct animals,plants, and other ancient organisms.
Relative Dating-
A form of dating where scientists determine which of two
fossils is older, but cannot place an exact age on either fossil.
Radioactive Dating-
A second form of dating that allows scientists to determine the
actual age of fossils.
Half-Life-
The time it takes for half the atoms of an element in a given
sample to decay.
Fossil Record-
All the fossils that scientists have collected, totaling in the
millions.
Extinct Organisms-
A species is extinct if there are no members still alive.
Mass Extinction-
Occurs when many types of organisms become extinct at the
same time.
Gradualism-
Evolution occurs at a slow and steady pace.
the concept of diversity among plants and animals?
all the different kinds of life you’ll find in one area
who is charles darwin,
In 1831 the British ship HMS Beagle set sail from
England on a five year trip around the world.On board that ship was a young naturalist named Charles
Darwin.As a naturalist Darwin had the responsibility of studying the
natural world in an effort to learn as much as he could about
the different living things encountered on this trip.
what is charles darwins famous book?
On the Origin of Species
discuss charles darwins voyage around the world.
While traveling the world Darwin observed many plants and animals that didn’t exist in England.These species were similar in some ways to organisms he had
observed elsewhere.He of course wondered why these differences existed.
what is the Galapagos islands
part of the country of Ecuador, a UNESCO World Heritage site and a renown National Park.
How are the Galapagos islands a perfect place to view evolution and natural selection?
several islands and their inhabitants are close to being in the fully natural state, with little or no influence of human activities,”
know about the finches, tortoises, and iguanas?
idk
list and explain several different adaptations.
Brightly colored mushrooms and frogs tend to be poisonous-This helps an organism to avoid being eaten.
Brightly colored birds and plants.-This can aid in the reproduction process.Size or height of an organism.-Stronger organisms have a better chance of surviving in the wild.
summarize Darwin’s observations during his voyage on the HMS Beagle.
he saw finches with different beak shapes,Darwin also saw fossilized bones of animals that had become
extinct long ago.
Be able to determine whether natural selection still occurs today or not?
o Be able to provide an example.
natural selection is always happening. natural selection occurs in modern humans
how are organisms similar during stages of early development?
Almost all types of life share the same genetic code
what are the similarities between the five organisms we discussed in class?
couldn’t find answer
What do similarities in DNA, body structures, and early development tell us about the
ancestors of certain organisms?
That means both evolved from the same ancestor organism a long time ago.
What is the one notable example of a time when scientists hypothesized about a
relationship between two species and got it very wrong?
At one time scientists proved that this animal was more
closely related to the raccoon and the red panda than to actual
bears.
Know the four different types of fossils.
Petrified Fossils
Molds
Casts
Preserved Remains
Understand the geologic time scale enough to describe the difference between periods,
eras, and larger amounts of time.
Eras are divisions within eons that span hundreds of millions of years. Periods are the subdivisions within eras that span tens of millions of years
K-T Asteroid Theory of Mass Extinction.
o Be able to explain the basics of this theory.
This theory states that a bolide (meteorite or comet) impact may have triggered the extinction event by ejecting a huge quantity of rock debris into the atmosphere, enshrouding Earth in darkness for several months or longer.
explain the alternate parts of the K-T Asteroid Theory of Mass extinction theory such as the Ring of Fire’s
involvement.
a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquake
relate rapid evolution to the K-T Asteroid Theory of Mass Extinction.
Scientists do not completely understand how quickly evolution
occurs.If under the right circumstances could evolution occur rapidly?
explain the results of this event of rapid evolution to the K-T Asteroid Theory of Mass Extinction.
If that was the case, where are the dinosaurs now?
They evolved into birds.
list at least three surviving speices.
Alligators & Crocodiles:
birds
how crocodiles are related to dinosaurs?
though related to one another
genetically crocodiles and their relatives are not dinosaurs.
Crocodiles, alligators, etc. were much larger at one time,
evolution favored them by allowing them to shrink over
generations.
to explain how birds are related to dinosaurs?
Birds evolved from a group of meat-eating dinosaurs called theropods.
What is the punctuated equilibira theory?
A theory that accounts for the gaps in the fossil record.This theory states that species actually evolve quickly during
relatively short periods of time.
