Unit 5 science test

Question 1

Species-

Answer 1

A group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and
produce fertile offspring.

Question 2

Adaptation-

Answer 2

An adaptation is a trait that helps an organism survive and
reproduce.

Question 3

Evolution-

Answer 3

The gradual change in a species over time.

Question 4

Selective Breeding-

Answer 4

Selective breeding occurs when circumstances cause only an
organism with a desirable trait to reproduce with an organism
that also has that desirable trait.

Question 5

Natural Selection-

Answer 5

The process by which individuals that are better adapted to
their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
than other members of the same species.

Question 6

Overproduction-

Answer 6

One factor that affects natural selection.With so many offspring there is a lack of resources.
Meaning a lack of food, water, and living space.

Question 7

Variations-

Answer 7

A variation is any difference between individuals of the same
species.

Question 8

Competition-

Answer 8

Food and other resources are limited, scientists call this scarce.

Question 9

Environmental Change-

Answer 9

A change in the environment can affect an organism’s ability
to survive.

Question 10

Branching Trees-

Answer 10

Diagrams that show how scientists think different organisms
are related.

Question 11

Fossil-

Answer 11

The preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other
organisms of the past.

Question 12

Paleontologist-

Answer 12

A scientist who studies the remains or traces of extinct animals,plants, and other ancient organisms.

Question 13

Relative Dating-

Answer 13

A form of dating where scientists determine which of two
fossils is older, but cannot place an exact age on either fossil.

Question 14

Radioactive Dating-

Answer 14

A second form of dating that allows scientists to determine the
actual age of fossils.

Question 15

Half-Life-

Answer 15

The time it takes for half the atoms of an element in a given
sample to decay.

Question 16

Fossil Record-

Answer 16

All the fossils that scientists have collected, totaling in the
millions.

Question 17

Extinct Organisms-

Answer 17

A species is extinct if there are no members still alive.

Question 18

Mass Extinction-

Answer 18

Occurs when many types of organisms become extinct at the
same time.

Question 19

Gradualism-

Answer 19

Evolution occurs at a slow and steady pace.

Question 20

the concept of diversity among plants and animals?

Answer 20

all the different kinds of life you’ll find in one area

Question 21

who is charles darwin,

Answer 21

In 1831 the British ship HMS Beagle set sail from
England on a five year trip around the world.On board that ship was a young naturalist named Charles
Darwin.As a naturalist Darwin had the responsibility of studying the
natural world in an effort to learn as much as he could about
the different living things encountered on this trip.

Question 22

what is charles darwins famous book?

Answer 22

On the Origin of Species

Question 23

discuss charles darwins voyage around the world.

Answer 23

While traveling the world Darwin observed many plants and animals that didn’t exist in England.These species were similar in some ways to organisms he had
observed elsewhere.He of course wondered why these differences existed.

Question 24

what is the Galapagos islands

Answer 24

part of the country of Ecuador, a UNESCO World Heritage site and a renown National Park.

Question 25

How are the Galapagos islands a perfect place to view evolution and natural selection?

Answer 25

several islands and their inhabitants are close to being in the fully natural state, with little or no influence of human activities,”

Question 26

know about the finches, tortoises, and iguanas?

Answer 26

idk

Question 27

list and explain several different adaptations.

Answer 27

Brightly colored mushrooms and frogs tend to be poisonous-This helps an organism to avoid being eaten.
Brightly colored birds and plants.-This can aid in the reproduction process.Size or height of an organism.-Stronger organisms have a better chance of surviving in the wild.

Question 28

summarize Darwin’s observations during his voyage on the HMS Beagle.

Answer 28

he saw finches with different beak shapes,Darwin also saw fossilized bones of animals that had become
extinct long ago.

Question 29

Be able to determine whether natural selection still occurs today or not?
o Be able to provide an example.

Answer 29

natural selection is always happening. natural selection occurs in modern humans

Question 30

how are organisms similar during stages of early development?

Answer 30

Almost all types of life share the same genetic code

Question 31

what are the similarities between the five organisms we discussed in class?

Answer 31

couldn’t find answer

Question 32

What do similarities in DNA, body structures, and early development tell us about the
ancestors of certain organisms?

Answer 32

That means both evolved from the same ancestor organism a long time ago.

Question 33

What is the one notable example of a time when scientists hypothesized about a
relationship between two species and got it very wrong?

Answer 33

At one time scientists proved that this animal was more
closely related to the raccoon and the red panda than to actual
bears.

Question 34

Know the four different types of fossils.

Answer 34

Petrified Fossils
Molds
Casts
Preserved Remains

Question 35

Understand the geologic time scale enough to describe the difference between periods,
eras, and larger amounts of time.

Answer 35

Eras are divisions within eons that span hundreds of millions of years. Periods are the subdivisions within eras that span tens of millions of years

Question 36

K-T Asteroid Theory of Mass Extinction.
o Be able to explain the basics of this theory.

Answer 36

This theory states that a bolide (meteorite or comet) impact may have triggered the extinction event by ejecting a huge quantity of rock debris into the atmosphere, enshrouding Earth in darkness for several months or longer.

Question 37

explain the alternate parts of the K-T Asteroid Theory of Mass extinction theory such as the Ring of Fire’s
involvement.

Answer 37

a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquake

Question 38

relate rapid evolution to the K-T Asteroid Theory of Mass Extinction.

Answer 38

Scientists do not completely understand how quickly evolution
occurs.If under the right circumstances could evolution occur rapidly?

Question 39

explain the results of this event of rapid evolution to the K-T Asteroid Theory of Mass Extinction.

Answer 39

If that was the case, where are the dinosaurs now?
They evolved into birds.

Question 40

list at least three surviving speices.

Answer 40

Alligators & Crocodiles:
birds

Question 41

how crocodiles are related to dinosaurs?

Answer 41

though related to one another
genetically crocodiles and their relatives are not dinosaurs.
Crocodiles, alligators, etc. were much larger at one time,
evolution favored them by allowing them to shrink over
generations.

Question 42

to explain how birds are related to dinosaurs?

Answer 42

Birds evolved from a group of meat-eating dinosaurs called theropods.

Question 43

What is the punctuated equilibira theory?

Answer 43

A theory that accounts for the gaps in the fossil record.This theory states that species actually evolve quickly during
relatively short periods of time.