unit 5 reconstruction ush Flashcards
what is the 13th amendment
an amendment passed in 1865 that abolished slavery
what is the south’s response to the 13th amendment
angry, nervous, frustrated, fearful
what is the 14th amendment
everyone born in the US is a US citizen, and has protection of the law, passed in 1868. No states can make laws that deny rights of citizens.
what was the south’s response to the 14th amendment
angry, nervous, fearful
what is the 15th amendment
Black men (not women) can vote
What was the south’s response to the 15th amendment
angry, fearful
How to remember the 13th, 14th, 15th amendment
Free (13) Citizens (14) Vote (15)
What was the freedman’s bureau
Bureau made to protect black people, and their rights
what did the freedman’s bureau do
Help black people find jobs, food, medical care, schools, legalizing marriage and reunited families.
Who made the freedman bureau
Abraham Lincoln in 1865
Why was the freedman bureau not good
-white ppl opposed and harassed other white ppl who tried to help
-johnson cut funding
-ended in 1872, 7 years after being formed
what was a upside of the freedman bureau
it helped a lot of black people transition into a life of freedom
what things did the freedman bureau do?
legalize marriage, make schools, help find jobs, food, housing, medical care and reunited families.
what is share cropping
when landowners divided land to a-americans or poor whites and when they harvested, they took half the crops as rent. it was more beneficial to land owners then slaves bc they usually never got to the point where they could buy their own land.
what is a scalawag
white southerner who joined the Republican party, and wanted the south to industrialize fast
what is a carpetbagger
northerners who moved to the south after the war with mixed motives, such as helping former slaves, or former union soldiers who wanted to buy land to start new industries. others were adventurers who exploited southern turmoil for profit
What was lincoln’s 10% plan’s position toward south
lenient policy, said that the southern states never left the union, believed individuals rebelled, not the whole state.
what was lincoln’s 10% plan description
pardon call confederates who swore an oath of allegiance to the US excluding high ranking officials
once 10% of ppl do this, the state rejoins
form new state govt’s
what was lincoln 10% plan purpose
quick and easy return to union, PEACE not punish
what was radical republican construction plan position toward south
wanted to destroy political power of former slave owners, assist african-americans and were angry.
what was radical republican construction plan description
congress should be in charge of reconstruction
majority of voters must swear oath
full citizenship and voting for ex slaves
divide south into 5 military districts
what was radical republican construction plan purpose
punish south and slave owners
empower former slaves
what was radical republican construction plan also known as
congressional reconstruction (1865-1877)
what was president johnson’s plan’s position toward south
enemy of wealthy southern planters, staunch unionist (confederate who didnt secede), southern democrat
what was president johnson’s plan’s description
declare secession illegal, allegiance to union, ratify 13th amendment
what was president johnson’s plan’s purpose
-support state rights and not a strong federal gov,
-states can have some say in a-american voting,
-keep white men in control of south, doesn’t protect a-americans
why did radical republicans want to impeach johnson
he wasnt carrying out his constiutional obligation to enforce the reconstruction act
what was the tenure of office act
an act that stated the president couldn’t remove cabinet officers during the term of the president by whom they have been appointed.
what was andrew johnson charged of violating
tenure of office act
what was the outcome of johnson’s impeachment trial
the senate didnt find him guilty; he was impeached not removed; message sent to johnson, stay out of congress way
what party was grant apart of
republican
who did southern african american men vote for in the 1868 election
grant
when did radical reconstruction end
in 1877 when federal troops were removed from southern states
what were the black codes
discriminatory laws that kept a-americans in a submissive place in society. are state laws. any amt of black blood made u black
how did black codes limit rights of a-americans
black ppl couldnt carry weapons, marry whites, buy/sell liquor
black people needed to be employed by white ppl and couldnt buy or rent in certain areasw
what is the KKK
ku klux klan. vigilante group that used violence and intimidation to attempt to retore white supremacy.
wanted to destroy republican party
what did the ku klux clan do to limit rights of a-americans
burnt black churches, hang people, intimidated black voters with guns, destroy places trying to help black people, evade the ku klux klan act that sought to shut them down (passed in 1871)
what were poll taxes
a tax u had to pay to vote
how did poll taxes limit rights of a-americans
a-Americans couldn’t afford to vote, and denied right to vote
southern democrats were afraid they’d be voted out of power b/c of too many black people voting for republicans.
barriers to voting
what were literacy tests
written tests you had to pass in order to vote
how did literacy tests limit the rights of a-americans
black people were given near impossible tests to suppress them
what were grandfather clauses
a law allowing men who failed the literacy test and not paying the poll tax to vote if their father/grandfather voted before 1865
how did grandfather clauses limit the rights of a-americans
loophole designed to help poor whites vote, while denying a-Americans the right to vote
what were jim crow laws
segregation laws
how did jim crow laws limit rights of a-americans
separate facilities for white & blacks ex: hospitals, waiting rooms, schools, restaurants, transportation
Plessy v Ferguson creates separate but equal doctrine in America
what is plessy v ferguson
a court case that stated is it permissible for separate but equal facilities in America. it essentially allowed Jim segregation laws in America.
