progressive era Flashcards
what were the 4 goals of the progressive era?
- restore control of gov to the people
- give economic opportunities to the poor
- increase citizen participation in the gov
- federal regulation of business
political causes of progressive movement
gov unresponsive to needs of poor
courts failing common man
spoils system
economic causes of progressive movement
unsafe working conditions
growing wealth gap
monopolies
social darwinism
social causes of progressive movement
tenement homes, urban slums, crime, poverty, poor sanitation
what type of people supported the progressive movement?
populists (farmers/ppl from small towns or country), city dwellers, educated professionals, middle class
what was beliefs of progressive movement
abuses by gov can be fixed
science and tech can improve society
capitalism can work
what are muckrackers?
journalists who tried to improve society by exposing corruption and injustices via mass production and circulation. example of investigative journalism.
what book did jacob riis write
how the other half lives
what book did lincoln steffens write
the shame of the cities
what book did ida tarbell write
history of the standard oil company
what book did upton sinclair write
the jungle
what did Robert LaFollette do to push progressivism at the state elvel?
attack railroad industry, set up commission to regulate rates, no free passes to state officials.
what party was teddy roosevelt apart of
republican
what president did roosevelt replace
mckinley after his death
what did teddy roosevelt do
expand power of the president
how did teddy roosevelt expand power of president
trustbuster, square deal legislation, bully pulpit
what is square deal legislation?
legislation that is fair to all, has no favoritism.
what years did teddy roosevelt serve?
1901-1909
how did William Howard Taft get into office?
roosevelt doesn’t seek reelection, but he is handpicked by him to succeed him.
what did taft do?
break up more trusts then teddy roosevelt, but was unpopular among people
what years did taft serve?
1909-1913
what is the 16th amendment (1913)
income tax created to raise money for US
what is the Paxne-Aldritch Tariff (1909)
attempted economic reform that aimed to lower the tariff rates of manufactured goods
what was the outcome of the paxne-aldritch tariff
tariffs raised rather then lowered
who ran in the 1912 election
william taft, woodrow wilson, teddy roosevelt (under bullmoose party)
who won the 1912 election
woodrow wilsonm
what were the goals of wilson’s new freedom plan
protect ppl in small business
promote free economic competition
end trusts
reduce tariffs
what was the underwood tariff act (1913)
reduced tariff rates for the first time since civil war
what was the federal reserve act (1913)
fed gov’t can iissue new currency and control how much is in circulation
they can set interest rates to increase consumer funding or control inflation
move money from one bank to another as needed
what was the federal reserve system
basis of the nation’s banking system
what was the federal trade commission?
watchdog agency created to investigate unfair or illegal business practices. ex. of fed gov reigning in big businesses
what is clayton antitrust act
built on sherman antitrust act
allows labor unions to exist
what did the 19th amendment (1920) do?
gave women right to vote in federal elections
what was the northern securities v US?
apart of square deal. monopoly over northern western railroads. an example of a attempt to regulate business @ federal level.
what was elkin act
apart of square deal. made it illegal for RR officials to give shippers rebates, RR cannot change rates w/o notifying public
what was hepburn act
apart of square deal. limits free RR passes used as bribes
ICC can set up maximum rate
allowed gov to regulate railroads
what was meat inspection act
apart of square deal.
create strict cleanliness guidelines
meat inspections from federal inspectors
what was pure food and drug act
truth in labelling
Consumers have right to know what theyre buying
what was the anthracite coal strike (1902)
workers want 9hr work day, 20% rate, unionization
coal reserves were running low, so roosevelt had to step in so it wouldn’t disrupt trade. forced a compromise. this only happens when a strike threatens public welfare
what the national reclamation act (newlands act)
money from sale of public lands in west funded irggiation projects
what did 17th amendment do
allowed for direct election of US senators
what were some changes brought by progressive poltiical reform?
private voting, allowing the people to make their own bills, allowing public to vote on laws, recalling public officials
what did the 18th amendment do?
prohibits the production, consumption and sale of alcohol.
who was carry nation
women who promoted temperance by destroying bars. was apart of women’s christian temperance union (WCTU)
what did ida tarbell do
expose unfair business practices of standard oil
what did lincoln steffens do
expose local government corruption
what did jacob riis do
exposed conditions of nyc slums for new immigrants
what did upton sinclair do
expose unsanitary conditions of meat packing industry
how did booker t washington aim to achieve equality
promoted economic goals
was booker t washington radical or conservative
conservative: accepted segregation, accommodating.
who did booker t washington advise
teddy roosevelt
what’s booker t washington’s famous speech
atlanta compromise, up from slavery
how did web dubois aim to achieve equality
wanted equal rights immediately via eduction
was web dubois radical or conservative
radical, rejected segregation
famous speeches of web dubois
2nd annual meeting of niagara movement
what did booker t washington found
tuskegee institute vocational training
what did web dubois found
niagara movement, NAACP
common goals between web dubois and booker t washington
- equality for a-americans
hard work and education are important
anti violence, laws being upheld
recognition for hard work of a-americans
promoted interaction and cooperation w whites
male orientated goals
