Unit 5: Personality - Theory, Research, and Assessment

Question 1

The varied reactions to the same situation which occur because each person has a different personality is:

A) Distinctiveness
B) Consistency

Answer 1

A) Distinctiveness

Question 2

The concept of personality is used to explain:

Answer 2

• stability of a person’s behaviour overtime and (consistency)
• the behavioural differences between people (distinctiveness)

Question 3

what describes a disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations:

Answer 3

A personality trait

Question 4

Which of the Big 5 personality traits describes a person who is outgoing, sociable, friendly, and upbeat?

A) Conscientiousness
B) Agreeableness
C) Extraversion
D) Neuroticism
E) Openness to Experience

Answer 4

C) Extraversion

Question 5

Which of the Big 5 personality traits describes a person who is anxious, hostile, self-conscious, insecure, vulnerable, or has emotional instability?

A) Conscientiousness
B) Agreeableness
C) Extraversion
D) Neuroticism
E) Openness to Experience

Answer 5

D) Neuroticism

Question 6

Which of the Big 5 personality traits describes a person who is curious, flexible, imaginative, has intellectual persuits?

A) Conscientiousness
B) Agreeableness
C) Extraversion
D) Neuroticism
E) Openness to Experience

Answer 6

E) Openness to Experience

Question 7

Which of the Big 5 personality traits describes a person who is sympathetic, trusting, cooperative, modest, straight forward?

A) Conscientiousness
B) Agreeableness
C) Extraversion
D) Neuroticism
E) Openness to Experience

Answer 7

B) Agreeableness

Question 8

Which of the Big 5 personality traits describes a person who is diligent, well-organized, punctual, dependable, has strong self-discipline?

A) Conscientiousness
B) Agreeableness
C) Extraversion
D) Neuroticism
E) Openness to Experience

Answer 8

A) Conscientiousness

Question 9

What is Freud’s theory that focuses on personality by focusing on the influence of early childhood experiences, unconscious conflicts, and sexual urges?

Answer 9

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory

Question 10

3 ways Freud divides personality

Answer 10

1. The id
2. The ego
3. The sugerego

Question 11

Describe the “id”

Answer 11

• primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle (**what demands immediate attention/gratification)
• engages in illogical, irrational, fantasy-oriented

Question 12

Describe the “ego”

Answer 12

• decision-making component using the reality principle
• seeks to delay the urges of the id
• ego mediates between the id, with desires for immediate satisfaction and the external world of societal norms, rules, customs
  -strives to avoid negative consequences from society

Question 13

Describe the “superego”

Answer 13

• moral component which incorporates social standards about what is right and wrong.
• supergo emerges out of the ego around 3-5yo

Question 14

Describe defense mechanism

Answer 14

unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions (Ie: anxiety and guilt)

Question 15

Define rationalization

Answer 15

creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behaviour

Question 16

Which defense mechanism involves keeping thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious mind?

A) Displacement
B) Projection
C) Repression

Answer 16

C) Repression

Question 17

Which defense mechanism attributes one’s thoughts and emotions, feelings onto another person?

A) Displacement
B) Projection
C) Repression
D) Reaction formation
E) sublimation

Answer 17

B) Projection

Question 18

Which defense mechanism involves diverting emotional feelings, usually anger, from their original source to a substitute target?

A) Displacement
B) Projection
C) Repression
D) Reaction formation
E) Sublimation

Answer 18

A) Displacement

Social constraints often force people to back their anger, forcing them to lash out on their loved ones.

Question 19

Which defense mechanism involves behaving in a way that is exactly the opposite of one’s true feelings?

A) Displacement
B) Projection
C) Repression
D) Reaction formation
E) Sublimation

Answer 19

D) Reaction formation

Freud thought homophobes are defending against their own homosexual impulses

Question 20

Which defense mechanism is when unconscious, unacceptable impulses are channeled into socially acceptable behaviours?

A) Displacement
B) Projection
C) Repression
D) Reaction formation
E) Sublimation

Answer 20

E) Sublimation

Ie: someone with aggressive tendencies channeling their anger into boxing, wrestling, football etc. instead of working through emotions.

Question 21

Freud’s 4 psychosexual stages

Answer 21

1. Oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic
4. Latency & Genital stages

Question 22

Jung’s 2 layers of unconscious determinants to personality

Answer 22

1. personal unconscious
2. collective unconscious: storehouse of latent memories traced to ancestral past

Question 23

emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning are:

Answer 23

archetypes

Ie: a mandala is meant to show wholeness of self

Question 24

Adler’s