Unit 4: Human Development Across the Lifespan

Question 1

The major events of the 3 phases of prenatal development

Answer 1

1. germinal (first 2 weeks)
2. embryonic (2 weeks-2 months)
3. fetal (2 months-birth)

Question 2

What occurs during the germinal phase?

Answer 2

rapid cell division

Question 3

What occurs during the embryonic phase?

Answer 3

organ development

Question 4

What occurs during fetal phase?

Answer 4

the specialization of cells

Question 5

Name a few environmental factors on prenatal development

Answer 5

• alcohol and drug use (FASD)
• nutrition (neurological development)
• stress and emotion
• maternal illness (measles, rubella, chickenpox, syphilis, HIV/AIDS)
• environmental toxins

Question 6

What defines motor development?

Answer 6

the progression of muscle coordination

Question 7

what defines maturation?

Answer 7

development that reflects the gradual unfolding of one’s genetic blueprint. Physical changes that come with age.

Question 8

What defines developmental norms?

Answer 8

median age which behaviours and abilities are displayed

Question 9

What defines environmental variations?

Answer 9

environmental factors can accelerate/slow down early motor development

Question 10

What defines temperment?

Answer 10

mood, activity level, emotional reactivity

Question 11

When does attachment to mothers typically appear?

Answer 11

6-8mo

Question 12

When does separation anxiety to mothers typically appear?

Answer 12

14-18mo then declines

Question 13

Define secure attachment

Answer 13

comfortable when Mother is near

Question 14

Define anxious ambivalent

Answer 14

anxious when mother is near

Question 15

Define avoidant attachment

Answer 15

seeks little contact

Question 16

Define disorganized-disoriented attachment

Answer 16

are typically confused when mother is near or away

Question 17

Summarize Erikson’s Stages of Personality

Answer 17

consists of children’s interaction with their environment.
personality is shaped by how people deal with crises, each crisis involves a struggle with a __ vs. ___ tendency. (Ie: Adolescence: Identity vs. Role confusion)

Question 18

Summarize Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

Answer 18

human beings differed from one another because of the ability to do abstract symbolic reasoning. Ie: young children think differently from adults.

Question 19

Name the 4 stages of Piaget’s stages

Answer 19

1. sensorimotor
   (birth-2yrs)
   *Object permanence
2. preoperational
   (2-7yo)
   *animism and conservation
3. concrete operational
   (7-11yo)
   *reversibility
4. formal operational
   (11yo+)

Question 20

A gradual reduction in strength of a response when a stimulus event is presented repeatedly is known as:

Answer 20

Habituation

Question 21

When there is an occurrence of a new stimulus that elicits an increase in the strength of a habituated response is called:

Answer 21

Dishabituation

Question 22

What group of researchers consider humans to be wired to readily understand certain concepts, without questioning why

Answer 22

Nativists

Question 23

What makes Nativists and Evolutionary theorists different?

Answer 23

They both believe that humans are wired to readily understand concepts, but Evolutionary theorists question “why?”

Question 24

Summarize Kohlberg’s Stage Theory

Answer 24

the way that individual’s think out problems depends on their level of cognitive level. Has 6 stages including preconventional, conventional, and postconventional stages.

Question 25

What affects the timing of puberty?

Answer 25

Early puberty is associated with tobacco and alcohol use, more high risk behaviours, aggression etc.

Question 26

Relate neural development and puberty

Answer 26

• the volume of white matter grows throughout adolescence
• immaturity of the prefrontal cortex explains risky behaviour.

Question 27

What is the second leading cause of death among 15-19yo?

Answer 27

Suicide

Question 28

What percent are First Nation groups more at risk for suicide?
A) 50%
B) 100%
C) 500%
D) 800%

Answer 28

D) 800%

Question 29

What leads to increased drug use, decreased self-worth, sexual activity, anxiety, and eating disorders?

Answer 29

Identity confusion

Question 30

Premature commitment to visions, values, roles is defined as which identity status?

A) Achievement
B) Moratorium
C) Foreclosure
D) Diffusion

Answer 30

C) Foreclosure

Question 31

delaying commitment to visions, values, roles, to experiment with alternative ideologies, careers is defined as which identity status?

A) Diffusion
B) Foreclosure
C) Moratorium
D) Achievement

Answer 31

C) Moratorium

Question 32

having a strong sense of self and direction is defined as which identity status?

A) Moratorium
B) Diffusion
C) Achievement
D) Foreclosure

Answer 32

C) Achievement

Question 33

Struggling and having no concern about values, visions, roles is defined as which identity status?

A) Foreclosure
B) Moratorium
C) Achievement
D) Diffusion

Answer 33

D) Diffusion