Unit 4: Human Development Across the Lifespan Flashcards
The major events of the 3 phases of prenatal development
- germinal (first 2 weeks)
- embryonic (2 weeks-2 months)
- fetal (2 months-birth)
What occurs during the germinal phase?
rapid cell division
What occurs during the embryonic phase?
organ development
What occurs during fetal phase?
the specialization of cells
Name a few environmental factors on prenatal development
- alcohol and drug use (FASD)
- nutrition (neurological development)
- stress and emotion
- maternal illness (measles, rubella, chickenpox, syphilis, HIV/AIDS)
- environmental toxins
What defines motor development?
the progression of muscle coordination
what defines maturation?
development that reflects the gradual unfolding of one’s genetic blueprint. Physical changes that come with age.
What defines developmental norms?
median age which behaviours and abilities are displayed
What defines environmental variations?
environmental factors can accelerate/slow down early motor development
What defines temperment?
mood, activity level, emotional reactivity
When does attachment to mothers typically appear?
6-8mo
When does separation anxiety to mothers typically appear?
14-18mo then declines
Define secure attachment
comfortable when Mother is near
Define anxious ambivalent
anxious when mother is near
Define avoidant attachment
seeks little contact
Define disorganized-disoriented attachment
are typically confused when mother is near or away
Summarize Erikson’s Stages of Personality
consists of children’s interaction with their environment.
personality is shaped by how people deal with crises, each crisis involves a struggle with a __ vs. ___ tendency. (Ie: Adolescence: Identity vs. Role confusion)
Summarize Piaget’s stages of cognitive development
human beings differed from one another because of the ability to do abstract symbolic reasoning. Ie: young children think differently from adults.
Name the 4 stages of Piaget’s stages
- sensorimotor
(birth-2yrs)
*Object permanence - preoperational
(2-7yo)
*animism and conservation - concrete operational
(7-11yo)
*reversibility - formal operational
(11yo+)
A gradual reduction in strength of a response when a stimulus event is presented repeatedly is known as:
Habituation
When there is an occurrence of a new stimulus that elicits an increase in the strength of a habituated response is called:
Dishabituation
What group of researchers consider humans to be wired to readily understand certain concepts, without questioning why
Nativists
What makes Nativists and Evolutionary theorists different?
They both believe that humans are wired to readily understand concepts, but Evolutionary theorists question “why?”
Summarize Kohlberg’s Stage Theory
the way that individual’s think out problems depends on their level of cognitive level. Has 6 stages including preconventional, conventional, and postconventional stages.
What affects the timing of puberty?
Early puberty is associated with tobacco and alcohol use, more high risk behaviours, aggression etc.
Relate neural development and puberty
- the volume of white matter grows throughout adolescence
- immaturity of the prefrontal cortex explains risky behaviour.
What is the second leading cause of death among 15-19yo?
Suicide
What percent are First Nation groups more at risk for suicide?
A) 50%
B) 100%
C) 500%
D) 800%
D) 800%
What leads to increased drug use, decreased self-worth, sexual activity, anxiety, and eating disorders?
Identity confusion
Premature commitment to visions, values, roles is defined as which identity status?
A) Achievement
B) Moratorium
C) Foreclosure
D) Diffusion
C) Foreclosure
delaying commitment to visions, values, roles, to experiment with alternative ideologies, careers is defined as which identity status?
A) Diffusion
B) Foreclosure
C) Moratorium
D) Achievement
C) Moratorium
having a strong sense of self and direction is defined as which identity status?
A) Moratorium
B) Diffusion
C) Achievement
D) Foreclosure
C) Achievement
Struggling and having no concern about values, visions, roles is defined as which identity status?
A) Foreclosure
B) Moratorium
C) Achievement
D) Diffusion
D) Diffusion
