Unit-5: Organizing

Question 1

Q: What is the purpose of control in management?

Answer 1

A: To ensure actions conform to plans by comparing actual performance with objectives and taking corrective actions.

Question 2

Q: How is control related to planning?

Answer 2

A: Control evaluates the implementation of plans and ensures their achievement, making it closely tied to planning.

Question 3

Q: What is forward-looking control?

Answer 3

A: A proactive control system that predicts deviations and corrects them in advance.

Question 4

Q: What is a flexible control system?

Answer 4

A: A system that adapts to new developments and dynamic work environments.

Question 5

Q: Define control in the context of management.

Answer 5

A: Control is the process of measuring and correcting subordinate performance to ensure organizational goals are met.

Question 6

Q: Name two prerequisites of an effective control system.

Answer 6

A: Effective planning and a clear organizational structure.

Question 7

Q: What are the essential features of a good control system?

Answer 7

A: Flexibility, objectivity, cost-effectiveness, timely reporting, and forward-looking nature.

Question 8

Q: Why is control described as a dynamic process?

Answer 8

A: Because it constantly adapts to changes in the environment and organizational needs.

Question 9

Q: What are the three types of control based on timing?

Answer 9

A: Preliminary control, concurrent control, and feedback control.

Question 10

Q: What does preliminary control focus on?

Answer 10

A: It focuses on planning and resource allocation before the process begins.

Question 11

Q: How does concurrent control differ from feedback control?

Answer 11

A: Concurrent control monitors ongoing operations, while feedback control evaluates results after completion.

Question 12

Q: What is strategic control?

Answer 12

A: A type of control that ensures long-term alignment with organizational mission and goals.

Question 13

Q: Name the four levers in Simons’ Levers of Control.

Answer 13

A: Belief systems, boundary systems, diagnostic control systems, and interactive control systems.

Question 14

Q: What are the steps in the process of control?

Answer 14

A: Establishing standards, measuring performance, comparing actual vs. standard performance, and corrective actions.

Question 15

Q: Why is performance measurement critical in the control process?

Answer 15

A: It helps identify deviations and assess if corrective actions are needed.

Question 16

Q: What is the purpose of corrective actions in control?

Answer 16

A: To address deviations and realign performance with set standards.

Question 17

Q: Mention three uses of control in organizations.

Answer 17

A: Standardizing performance, conserving resources, and measuring job performance.

Question 18

Q: How does control help in resource optimization?

Answer 18

A: By ensuring efficient allocation and utilization of resources, reducing waste.

Question 19

Q: What is one way control facilitates coordination?

Answer 19

A: By keeping various plans and programs in balance through tools like master budgets and policy manuals.

Question 20

Q: How does control motivate personnel?

Answer 20

A: Through promotions, rewards, profit-sharing, and recognition of achievements.

Question 21

Q: What are some shortcomings of control systems?

Answer 21

A: Lack of satisfactory standards, measurement imperfections, limited corrective actions, and human resistance.

Question 22

Q: Why might people resist control measures?

Answer 22

A: They may perceive them as restrictive or interfering with their autonomy.

Question 23

Q: What is a control chart used for?

Answer 23

A: To present variance data over time and identify when performance deviates from set limits.

Question 24

Q: What does a Gantt chart represent?

Answer 24

A: The progress of a project against its time frame, helping with scheduling.

Question 25

Q: What is PERT, and how is it used in control?

Answer 25

A: Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is used to plan and manage tasks by evaluating their timelines and dependencies.

Question 26

Q: What are control ratios, and why are they important?

Answer 26

A: Metrics like efficiency, productivity, and profitability that assess performance and inform decision-making.

Question 27

Q: What is functional task analysis?

Answer 27

A: It breaks down functions or activities to ensure all operations are performed effectively.

Question 28

Q: How does budgetary control assist in management?

Answer 28

A: By setting financial benchmarks that help monitor and evaluate performance.

Question 29

Q: What do manufacturing control systems focus on?

Answer 29

A: They are tailored to production modes and organizational culture to ensure efficiency.

Question 30

Q: What is the role of management control systems?

Answer 30

A: To gather and use information for evaluating human, physical, and financial resources.

Question 31

Q: What is the difference between control and supervision?

Answer 31

A: Control is comprehensive, involving evaluation and correction, while supervision is a part of control focused on monitoring tasks.

Question 32

Q: Why must a control system be economical?

Answer 32

A: Its cost should be justified by the benefits it provides in achieving organizational goals.

Question 33

Q: How do control systems enable decentralization?

Answer 33

A: By setting limits on delegated authority and providing tools like policy directives and internal audits.

Question 34

Q: What makes an ideal control system forward-looking?

Answer 34

A: Its ability to predict and prevent potential deviations before they occur.

Question 35

Q: How does control influence future planning?

Answer 35

A: By providing insights from current performance that shape forecasts and standards for upcoming activities.