Unit 5: Ochem Naming Flashcards
What is the standard procedure for naming Alkanes?
- Find the longest carbon chain
- Number chain so substituents have low carbon number
- Name branches as alkyl groups
- List branches alphabetically (do not count n, sec, t)
- Use prefix if there are more than one of the same group (di, tri, tetra, etc)
Procedure for naming alkenes (linear ish)
Same as alkanes but number where the triple bond happens
change main name suffix to ene
Procedure for naming alkynes
Same as alkanes but change suffix to yne
put number it happens on
molecular characteristic of alcohol
contains an OH
basic formula for alcohol
R-OH
procedure for naming alcohols
- Find longest chain
- Number chain so OH branch has a small number
- Continue as regular
- Change Suffix to “ol” of main group Or denote alcohol location by “#-ol”
5.
OH functional group (when it is not an alcohol)
Hydroxy
What is a carbonyl group?
O=C
Basic formula for aldehyde?
OCRH
Basic formula for ketone?
OCRR
How to name aldehydes and ketones
Same as alkanes but number branch so carbonyl group has lowest number
Aldehyde suffix?
-al
Ketones suffix?
-one
Carboxylic acid basic formula
RCOOH
R single bond
O double bond
OH single bond
Where is the carboxylic acid always?
on C1
Suffix for carboxylic acid
-oic acid
Ester basic formula
R-COOR’
R-C-(OR’)
||
O
R’ cannot be a Hydrogen
Naming Esters
Name starts with the alkyl group attached to the oxygen
Change suffix of main chain to -oate
Ether basic formula
R-O-R’
Ether characteristics
Polar
anesthetic
Naming Ethers
Name each alkyl group attached to O then add ether to end
Amine basic formula
NHHR
NHRR
NRRR
How to name amines?
Name all alkyl groups attached to N, then add -amine
What is the hybridization and shape of amine?
trigonal pyramidal, sp3 hybridized
characteristic of aromatic hydrocarbon
contains benzene ring
How to name aromatics?
[Name of substituent]benzene
Substituent name for benzene?
phenal group
How to name di-substituted benzene derivative
number each carbon etc name alkyl groups
