Unit 5: OChem characteristics Flashcards
3 main characteristics of hydrocarbons
- Contain only C and H
- High melting point
- can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic
Characteristics of alkanes
only single bonds
saturated
Characteristics of alkenes
have at least one or more carbon double bond
unsaturated
Characteristics of alkynes
have at least one or more carbon triple bond
unsaturated
When is a hydrocarbon unsaturated
when there is a carbon double bond or carbon triple bond
General formula for Alkene
CnH2n (remove 2H for every additional carbon double bond)
General formula for alkyne
CnH2n-2 (remove 4H for every addition triple bond)
What does an aromatic hydrocarbon look like?
Ring with double bonds (circle inside a hexagon)
Rules for skeleton structure
every corner or end is a C WITH Hs completing the octet unless specified otherwise
5 parts of IUPAC Nomenclature?
- Stereisomerism
- Substituents
- Parent
- Unsaturation
- Functional Groups
What is Stereoisomerism
Indicates whether bonds are cis or trans
Indicates existence of stereocenters
What are substituents?
Groups not on the main branch
What is the parent?
Main carbon group
What is Unsaturation (IUPAC)
indicates existence of double or triple carbon bonds
Functional groups
Group after which the compound is named (acid/ ol/ oate…etc)