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Health And Medicine > Unit 5: Nervous System > Flashcards

Unit 5: Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Dendrites

A

Where neuron receives signal

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2
Q

Soma

A

The body of the neuron

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3
Q

Axon

A

Where electrical signals travel

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4
Q

Terminal

A

Ends of the axon

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5
Q

Axon Hillock

A

Point where soma connects to axon

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6
Q

Myelin Sheath/Schwan Cells

A

Insulating cells around axon

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7
Q

Nodes of Ranvir

A

Spaces between Myelin Sheath

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8
Q

Central Nevrous System

A

Composed of brain and spinal cord

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9
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Composed of cranial and spinal nerves

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10
Q

Motor

A

Controls the skeletal muscles

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11
Q

Sensory

A

All of the senses

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12
Q

Autonomic

A

Don’t receive conscious components

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13
Q

Cognition

A

Thinking functions of the brain

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14
Q

Emotions

A

Feelings

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15
Q

Consciousness

A

Awareness if being a person

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16
Q

Syndromes

A

Patterns of abnormality

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17
Q

Neural Cells

A

Cells of the nervous system

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18
Q

Neural Cell Components

A
  1. Neurons
  2. Glia
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19
Q

Resting Membrane Potential

A

Negative charge outside cell membrane and positive charge inside cell

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20
Q

Graded Potential

A

Changes in membrane potential

21
Q

Summation

A

Sun of all positive and negative charge

22
Q

Trigger Zone

A

Initial segment of axon

23
Q

Threshold Potential

A

Specific sun or charge needed to fire information down the axon

24
Q

Afferent/Sensory Neuron

A

Brings information to CNS

25
Q

Stimulus

A

Anything that can be sensed in an internal or external environment

26
Q

Efferent Neurons

A

Carried information away from CNS

27
Q

Motor Neurons

A

Neurons that control skeletal muscles

28
Q

Autonomic Neurons

A

Controls smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and gland cells

29
Q

Interneurons

A

Neurons between neurons

30
Q

Synapses

A

Where neurons contact and communicatate with their target cells

31
Q

Chemical Synapse

A

A type of synapse that has a gap due to chemicals crossing from axon terminal to target cells

32
Q

Electrical Synapse

A

Cells are physically connected and contain channels that allow neurons to communicate with target cells

33
Q

Synaptic Cleft

A

Gap between neuron and target cell

34
Q

Presynaptic Membrane

A

The end of the axon at the synaptic cleft

35
Q

Postsynaptic Membrane

A

The outer membrane of a target cell by the synaptic cleft

36
Q

Synaptic Vessicles

A

Full of neurotransmitters that transmit information from neuron to target cell

37
Q

Vesicles

A

Membrane bound containers inside cell

38
Q

Snare Proteins

A

Proteins that attach vesicles to presynaptic membrane

39
Q

Exocytosis

A

The process of neurotransmitters exiting the presynaptic membrane into the synaptic cleft via the vesicles moving closer to the presynaptic cleft by changing protein structure

40
Q

Amino Acids

A

Contain an amino group and a carboxylic acid group that deals with most functions in the brain

41
Q

Peptides

A

Chains of amino acids that affects perceptions of pain

42
Q

Monoamines

A

Organic molecules with an amino group connected to an aromatic group via a 2-carbon chain that deals with attention, cognition, and emotion

43
Q

Catacholamines

A

Sub-group of monoamines with a catecho group

44
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory neurotransmitter that excites it’s target cells via depolarization

45
Q

GABA

A

Most common inhibitory transmitter in the brain via hyperpolarization

46
Q

Glycine

A

Most common inhibitory transmitter in the spinal cord

47
Q

Ionotropic Neurotransmitter Receptors

A

Elongated ion channeled that open and allow some ions to pass

48
Q

Metabotropic Receptros

A

Activates second messengers in neuron that affects ion channels or change activity in proteins

Health And Medicine (8 decks)

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