Unit 4: Endocrine System

Question 1

Endocrine System

Answer 1

Consists of glands that secrete hormones in order to initiate an effect in the body

Question 2

Hypothalamus

Answer 2

Control centre of the Endocrine System by stimulating Pituitary Gland

Question 3

ADH

Answer 3

Helps regulate fluid

Question 4

Oxytocin

Answer 4

Helps stimulate uterus to contract during pregnancy

Question 5

Pituitary Gland

Answer 5

Master gland that controls other endocrine glands

Question 6

Thyroid

Answer 6

Regulates body metabolism via T3 and T4

Question 7

Parathyroid

Answer 7

Regulates blood calcium level via PTH

Question 8

Adrenal Glands

Answer 8

Contains cortex and medulla

Question 9

Cortex

Answer 9

Where steroids are made (cortisol, aldosterone)

Question 10

Cortisol

Answer 10

Increases blood sugar in times of stress

Question 11

Aldosterone

Answer 11

Helps control how much fluid is in veins and arteries

Question 12

Medulla

Answer 12

Creates catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

Question 13

Gonads

Answer 13

Consist of ovaries in females and testes in males

Question 14

Pancreas

Answer 14

Controls blood sugar (Insulin and Glucagon)

Question 15

Autocrine Hormones

Answer 15

Functions at the cell that makes them

Question 16

Paracrine Hormones

Answer 16

Functions regionally

Question 17

Endocrine Hormones

Answer 17

Hormones that function at a distance

Question 18

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Answer 18

Communities with Hypothalamus

Question 19

Hypophysial Portal System

Answer 19

Capillary system they runs between hypothalamus and pituitary gland where hormones get transported

Question 20

Tropic Hormones

Answer 20

Hormones that stimulate other glands

Question 21

Direct Hormones

Answer 21

Stimulates a part of the body directly

Question 22

Posterior Pituitary Gland

Answer 22

Stores hormones secreted by Hypothalamus

Question 23

Proteins/Polypeptides

Answer 23

• Form most of the body’s hormones made in Rough ER to Goligi Apparatus to vesicles
• Receptors on cell surface triggers secondary messengers to respond to hormones

Question 24

Peptide Bonds

Answer 24

Bonds between carbon and nitrogen

Question 25

Steroids

Answer 25

• Come from lipids, primarily cholesterol
• Characteristic benzene ring structure
• Receptors located in cell (primary messengers)
• Affects Transcription/Translation of new proteins in cell

Question 26

Tyrosine Derivatives

Answer 26

Come from amino acid Tyrosine

Question 27

Metabolism

Answer 27

Getting rid of excess hormones that gets done in liver, kidney, blood and sweat

Question 28

Negative Feedback Loops

Answer 28

Conditions resulting from hormone action suppressing further release of hormones

Question 29

G-Protein

Answer 29

Protein that binds to amino acid Guanine

Question 30

Hormone Action at the Cell

Answer 30

1. Hormone binds to receptor
2. Receptor changed shape and interacts with G-Protein
3. GDP becomes GTP and allows for G-Protein to move through cell membrane to interact with Adenylate Cyclase
4. ATP becomes CAMP (Cycline Adenosine Monophosphate) and two phosphates
5. CAMP activated protein

Question 31

Signal Amplification

Answer 31

One hormone can bind to a receptor and can set off a chain re ac took to lords to a high amount of CAMP production

Question 32

Messengers and Cell Membrane

Answer 32

Primary messengers can cross cell membrane, secondary messengers cannot