Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Government and Politics > Unit 5: Linkage Institutions > Flashcards

Unit 5: Linkage Institutions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Government Basics flashcards AP® U.S. Government flashcards American Government 101 flashcards
1
Q

Linkage Institutions

A

What connects the people and constituents to the government
- interest groups, media, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Electorate

A

From the constituents, those who can vote
- people over 18 who are registered to vote

Constituents who can vote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

17th Amendment

A

People directly vote for the senators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Suffrage Amendments

A

Right to vote being expanded
- 15th: basis of race
- 17th: we vote Senators
- 19th: Bases of Sex
- 23rd: Right to DC
- 24th: Eliminating poll tax
- 26th: basis of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Literacy Tests

A

Tests of literacy to vote in order to prevent black people with no education from voting
- Jim Crow Laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Poll Tax

A

Paying to vote to prevent black people living in lower income areas from voting
- Jim Crow Laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Grandfather Clause

A

Required that for an individual to automatically vote, grandparents had to have voted which discriminated against former slaves
- Jim Crow Laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

White Primaries

A

Primary elections where white only
- mattered because they chose the party head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Smith v Allwright (1944)

A

Texas said white only primaries despite it being the main one that mattered
- white primaries were banned (15th amend)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Voting Rights Act of 1965

A

Especially for Southern states and Jim Crow laws; eliminated and prevented those
- things like literacy tests, grandfather clause, voter intimidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

24th Amendment

A

Eliminated poll tax for voters as it prevented lower class from voting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Voter Turnout

A

How many people show up to vote
- more educated one is, the more likely they’ll vote
- same with older
- same with more income
- Women have slightly more likely voting turnout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Political Efficacy

A

How much one thinks their individual vote matters - you want higher percentages of this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Factors that increase Voting

A
  • easier to vote and register
    • such as no photo ID or poll tax, etc
  • no barriers such as when to register
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Voting Blocs

A

who votes - groups of people

more likely to if
- more education, more income, older, race, and gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rational-Choice Voting

A

Weighing pros and cons for what will benefit YOU most

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Retrospective Voting

A

Looking at track record of the candidate
- what have they accomplished
- possible indicator of future actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Prospective Voting

A

What are you promising and saying you are going to do in the future
- visions and policy change
can lead to retrospective in re-election

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Party Identification/Straight Ticket

A

Most real life present
- best predictor of how someone votes
everyone in their party on the ballot is who they vote for

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Motor Voter Law - 1993

A

To try and increase voter turnout
- make it easier to register and convenient
- required EVERY public building to have paper applications
- renewal of drivers license had check to say voting
- only impacted registration, not really turnout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Voter ID Laws

A

Some states required ID
- could lead to discrimination

to require one to show ID or license
- barrier cause some don’t have license

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2 Party System

A

Republicans vs Democrats
- established for compromise but instead is main source of tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Party Platform

A

Where a party pushes their agendas and speaks on stances and issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Party Conventions

A

Summer before presidential elections where a party decides what main agendas/issues to push

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Realignment

A

The switching of parties on a massive scale
- ex. south switching from mainly democrat to mainly republican

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Dealignment

A

Moving from either party to independent - refusing to be aligned with a party
- growing and upcoming movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Divided Government

A

When the government can’t unify on issues

28
Q

Hard Money vs Soft Money

A

Hard Money:
- money given directly to candidates and the campaigns, contributions are direct
- limitations and restrictions

Soft Money:
- Money meant to affect elections indirectly
- used outside of candidate/campaign
- can be unrestricted or unlimited

29
Q

Political Action Committees (PACs)

A

An organization that collects money to influence elections and organize it

30
Q

Issue Ads

A

Ads to influence public opinions by speaking on issues instead of candidates

31
Q

Independent Expenditures

A
  • independent from campaign and candidate
  • spend money
  • think if Elon Musk spent personal money
  • no affiliation
32
Q

Super PACs

A

Separate from campaigns and stuff so no limits
- not bound by laws of campaign finance
- donations can be anonymous - can’t see who donates

Dark Money

33
Q

Dark Money

A

Super PAC’s
- anonymous donations not bound by finance laws

34
Q

Minor (Third) Parties

A

No chance of substantial win because of the bipartisan system
- more local, the more likely third parties can win

35
Q

Single-Member Districts

A

Whoever wins majority of the district vote gets the seat - nothing for second place

36
Q

Winner-Take-All System

A

Whoever gets majority wins it all

37
Q

Swing States

A

States that have little voting pattern and can swing either party

38
Q

Ballot Measures
Recall, Initiative, Referendum

A

If constituents want to trigger a law (such as with a petition)
- initiative

Gvt gets a law started and we have the final say (such as marijuana laws)
- referendum

Giving voters power of impeachment/removal
-recall

39
Q

Open Primary

A

Anybody can walk in and cast a ballot for anyone regardless of party

40
Q

Closed Primary

A

Screws independents
- only cast ballots for identified party

41
Q

Caucus

A

Method to get people to vote
group of people who meat and discuss for a couple hours then cast ballots

42
Q

Front-Loading

A

In primary season - states try to be some of the first to vote and be viewed as more important and effective

43
Q

Electoral College

A

Middle man for elections and people
- winner take all system in states

44
Q

Midterm Elections

A

Every even year except for president election years to elect Congressmen

45
Q

Incumbency

A

Won once, they’ll keep winning till they drop out of elections

46
Q

Coattail Effect

A

Unknown congressmen riding someone else’s popularity to gain recognition

47
Q

FECA 1971

A

Federal Elections Campaign Act
- limits money contributions
- limits spending on campaigns
- create FEC
- require documentation and accounting

48
Q

FEC

A

Federal Election Commission
Police force for regulation money in elections
can’t be fired by president

49
Q

Buckley v Valeo 1976

A

Handful of members in Congress suing FEC - trampling on freedom of speech through money
- court said that limiting going in is okay, but limiting spending isn’t

50
Q

BCRA

A

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002
Ban soft money
- limit money given to PACs and parties
Viewers need to know origin (organization) of ad
- limit time of ads
- when and how long ad is shown

51
Q

Pluralism

A

Factions

52
Q

Lobbying

A

Persuade people in Congress
Various strategies to influence policy and change something

53
Q

Interest Groups

A

A group of people that share common or similar beliefs
- influence policy and gvt
- factions
- Effectiveness (# of people, $$$, Competitors, allies)

54
Q

Issue Networks

A

Issues of groups relating and uniting - allies to add to influence

55
Q

Insider vs Outsider Strategies

A

Insider: meet with Congressmen for favors and information

Outsiders: spread information out to the public - grass roots to put pressure on Congress

56
Q

Lobbyists

A

Hired professionals meet directly with lawmakers
- use connections they’ve made
- stuff for influence like $$$ or arguments

57
Q

Grassroots Lobbying

A

Each citizen is a blade of grass, together they can push issues in numbers
- things like protests or sending mass emails or petitions

58
Q

Litigation

A

File lawsuit

Amicus briefs
- legal docs filed in Appellate courts with a strong interest in matters

59
Q

Bundling

A

Collecting money for a large donation
- 5000 names 10,000 dollars to to have names (2000 each)
- bundle resources

60
Q

Revolving Door

A

Never ending cycle of iron triangle
eg Congress,em can become lobbyists and use focuses to move job to job

61
Q

Political Reporting vs Commentary

A

Reporting - older, unbiased facts
Commentary - modern with opinions

62
Q

Horse Race Journalism

A

Score keeper
- always tell us what’s going on through polling

Horserace: who’s winning mentality can effect bandwagon and who we vote for

63
Q

Gatekeeper

A

Control flow in or out of information
someone made the choice to what to tell you
- issue framing
agenda setting

64
Q

Watchdog

A

Protects us from gvt and corruption
- stuff like the watergate scandal or Cambodia reporting were given by media to expose the gvt

  • protected by 1st Amendment
65
Q

Agenda Setting

A

Media sets what top stories will be told

66
Q

Issue Framing

A

How media tells a story and how they present it and the headline

AP Government and Politics (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions