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AP Government and Politics > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

John Locke

A

Natural rights: you have rights simply for the reason you were born: these rights are yours and are unalienable and can not be taken away

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2
Q

Natural Rights

A

You have rights simply for the reason you were born: these rights are yours and are unalienable and can not be taken away
no one can be subjected to the political power of another without consent

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3
Q

Social Contract

A

Rousseau - The agreement between the people who are the source of the power, and the government who protect everyone’s natural rights
agreement of free and equal people certain natural rights in exchange for security and find a government committed to the general good

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4
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

Governments get their power from the people, consented by the people - people are the source of the power

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5
Q

Participatory Democracy

A

a government where all or most of its citizens participate directly in either holding office or making policy
Purist form: vote directly for laws and other matters

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6
Q

Representative Democracy

A

Where we elect people to vote on laws - larger the population the better this is

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7
Q

Pluralist Democracy

A

People with widely varying interests find others who share interests and unite/organize into groups (citizens) to influence political decisions
- has and creates competition
- helps protect against elite

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8
Q

Elite Democracy

A

Small group of elite power. Electoral college demonstrates this; elected representatives make decisions and hold trust of people who elected them

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9
Q

Annapolis Convention

A

The first attempt at solving the problems of the Articles of Confederation: nothing happened or got done here - set date for next convention

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10
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

A rebellion lead by Daniel Shay and other ex Rev. soldiers due to high taxes and high interest rates - states could not gather militia to put down
- Convinced states to go to convention: lack of centralized military power

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11
Q

Constitutional Convention

A

Convinced states to show up; proposed to start from scratch: lead by Washington - set up gvmnt
- showed willingness for compromise and change

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12
Q

Virginia Plan

A

VA had largest population: wanted representation in Congress based on population
Bicameral House Legislature
Citizens elect lower house and they elect upper house

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13
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

Smaller states scared they’d be powerless against PA, NY, and VA who had large populations
Equal representation in a unicameral legislature

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14
Q

Connecticut Compromise

A

Put both plans together to please both sides: Bicameral with senate and equal number of representation based on population and elected by House with proportionate population representation

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15
Q

Bicameralism

A

2 house legislature

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16
Q

3/5 Compromise

A

relates directly to power of each state - more population = more representation; more population = more taxes
- total population + 3/5 of enslaved persons

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17
Q

Electoral College

A

Electoral College: buffer between people and presidency
- nobody in Congress; representatives in each state determined by # of people in Congress

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18
Q

Expressed Powers
- Enumerated or Formal

A

Expressed powers are powers that are listed in the Constitution
- For Congress specifically: Enumerated
Overall - Formal/Expressed Powers

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19
Q

Commerce Clause

A

Gvmnt could tariff imports but not exports
Fed gvmnt could regulate trade between states - interstate commerce
States control intrastate commerce

20
Q

Necessary and Proper Clause

A

Last Clause in Article 1, section 8
Gives Congress power to make all laws that are necessary and power - Congress can basically make any laws they wish but they have to relate it back to the Constitution

21
Q

Full Faith and Credit Clause

A

Saying states have to play nice with each other
- Ex. Maryland has to respect driver license of other states
Other states can view rights and docs - carry over states

22
Q

Proposing and Ratifying amendments

A

Proposing: 2/3 of both House and Senate or states
Ratification: 3/4 of states

23
Q

Supremacy Clause

A

Highest form of law in legal system in US - the federal law/Constitution takes precedence over the state laws/constitutions

24
Q

Federalists

A

Supported the Constitution ratification and a strong central government

25
Q

Antifederalists

A

generally opposed the ratification of the Constitution and a strong central government

26
Q

Pluralism

A

many different groups with many different opinions and viewpoints coexist and work with each other politically

27
Q

Bill of Rights

A

Suggested by anti-federalists to ensure civil liberties in each of the amendments - technically part of the Constitution

28
Q

Separation of Powers

A

Separation of Federal level and state levels + local levels plus the separation of responsibilities within the fed government

29
Q

Checks and Balances

A

Each branch has a way to check the power of another branch in order to make sure one does not have more power over another

30
Q

Advice and Consent

A

The power of the US Senate to be consulted on for treaties and approving appointments

31
Q

Impeachment

A

the process to remove a federal officer
House has the power to impeach and the Senate has the power to try president and investigation is done by Chief justice

32
Q

Judicial Review

A

The power of the courts to conduct investigations - courts call into question Constitutionality of executive orders and Congressional laws

33
Q

Federalism

A

where the power is divided between national/central government and states

34
Q

Unitary System

A

A single central government has total control over all other subdivisions

35
Q

Delegated vs Reserved Powers

A

Delegated powers are the powers stated specifically for Congress
Reserved powers are powers that are reserved for the states

36
Q

Concurrent Powers

A

Powers shared between the federal and state governments such as taxation, establishing courts, spending money

37
Q

Dual (layer cake) Federalism

A

Distinct powers of government with power in specific areas

38
Q

Cooperative (marble cake) Federalism

A

overlapping levels of power in similar areas requiring cooperation and consistency

39
Q

Fiscal Federalism

A

Having to do with money, especially as an incentive to states

40
Q

Categorical (formula) grants

A

For a specific purpose/category - where the money needs to be spent; there is usually a formula and lots of requirements
- example of school lunch

41
Q

Block Grants

A

A block of money that is given to states for them to use as they see fit

42
Q

Federal Mandates

A

an fiscal order from the federal gvmnt that all states and local levels must follow

43
Q

Devolution

A

The dissolving of Federal power to the states

44
Q

Clean Air Act 1970

A

Example of an unfunded mandate
- you have to provide your state with clean air, and pay for it yourself

45
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act

A

Another example of unfunded mandate
- In order to accommodate those with disabilities, passed this and said you need accessible areas and you have to fund it

AP Government and Politics (6 decks)

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