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AP Government and Politics > Unit 4: Political Culture and Ideologies > Flashcards

Unit 4: Political Culture and Ideologies Flashcards

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1
Q

Conservative

A

Tend to believe and support
- smaller role of federal gvt
- smaller = cut taxes, tax structure consistent
- anti-regulation of business
- self-determination

Criticisms:
- too much trust in businesses
- pretend some problems don’t exist

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2
Q

Liberals

A

Tend to believe and support
- expanded rule in achieving justice equality
- government should actively regulate
- protect Americans from inadequacy
- Progressive tax

Criticisms:
- too damn expensive
- crushes individual freedom
- too much dependency

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3
Q

Individualism

A

High priority on what individual thinks
- high priority on individual rights

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4
Q

Political Culture

A

Some things all Americans can agree on: shared beliefs/values for both parties
- Individualism
- equal of opportunity
- free enterprise
- rule of law
- limited gvt

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5
Q

Free Enterprise

A

buying and selling of goods in marketplace
- you can have the option to buy whatever you want

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6
Q

Rule of Law

A

is anybody above the law? answer SHOULD be no
gvt isn’t king - only structure and source

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7
Q

Limited Government

A

Federal government should have limited powers

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8
Q

Ideology

A

Approach to achieve political culture

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9
Q

Valence Issue

A

Public is united and rival parties adopt similar positions to gain more support

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10
Q

Wedge Issues

A

Issues the public are split about

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11
Q

Saliency

A

The degree to which an issue is important to a particular individual or group

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12
Q

Moderates

A

Americans who agree with policies on both sides
- tend to lean one way but don’t have to

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13
Q

Libertarian

A

Drastically smaller government role
- liberty from federal government
- if it involved the gvt its a no
- no getting involved in other countries issues

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14
Q

Progressive

A

Leaning left in line with liberal
- more drastic change and reform

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15
Q

Political Socialization

A

When and how we get our opinions
- typically during teens, usually consistent through life
- most consistent is our parents

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16
Q

Demographic

A

The study of a population based on factors like age or race

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17
Q

Socioeconomic Status

A

How much money you had growing up and where you lived

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18
Q

Party Identification

A

Liberals tend to be democrats and conservatives tend to be republicans

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19
Q

Globalization

A

Process resulting growing interconnectedness of the world
- interdependence of economics and political systems

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20
Q

Generational Effect

A

Defining features for each generation that can influence political opinions

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21
Q

Silent Generation

A

1925-1945
- Exposed to the effects of the great depression and WWII
- drastically low birth rates

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22
Q

Baby Boomers

A

1946-1964
- big population growth
- civil rights movements
- vietnam war

23
Q

Generation X

A

1965-1981
- no real defining events for them
- red scare (?)

24
Q

Millennials

A

1982-1997
- right at the turn of the millenium
- 9/11
- first to experience internet arising

25
Q

Life Cycle Effect

A

Not as unique for each generation
- as you go through various cycles in life, the issues you choose to care about perhaps evolve
- effects every generation but at different life points

26
Q

Benchmark Polls

A

Starting point to data gathering
- e.g. US Today asking if people would vote for the Rock

27
Q

Tracking Polls

A
  • When questions word for word are asked over and over again to different people; has to be word for word
  • shows how societies opinions shift
28
Q

Exit Polls

A

Election day is ONLY time these can be used
- when exiting polls
- who’d you vote for and demographics
- collect data for election

29
Q

Approval Ratings

A

Showing the people in government what Americans think of the job the gvt is doing

30
Q

Random Sample

A

When polling to get general American ideals, sample, has to be random to truly represent everyone

31
Q

Weighting/Stratification

A

Used when conducting polling
- adjustments to surveys during analysis so selected demographics reflect their values in the population

32
Q

Margin of Error

A
  • How inaccurate it could be
  • how much flexibility there could be in the results
  • if polls don’t have this, no good
33
Q

Push Polling

A

Not trying to gage public opinion, rather shape or push opinions through wording

34
Q

Bandwagon Effect

A

Follow the crowd
- undecided may vote for whoever’s in the lead instead of who they align more with
- creates exaggerated outcomes

35
Q

Social Desirability

A

Instead of picking whats true to us, we choose what society wants or expects out of us

36
Q

Party Platform

A

Each party decides before the election what the main focus will be - summer before election

37
Q

Agenda

A

Start the process for laws or lawmaking and policy changing
- have someone put their ideas on the table

38
Q

Fiscal Policy

A

How we’ll spend money and where to get it
- taxes
- through passage of laws (Congress)

39
Q

Keynesian Economics

A

Favored by democrats
- gvt active role in economy (FDR)
- gvt growing in fast, step in to slow things like with placing taxes
- business regulation
- stimulus checks during pandemic

40
Q

Supply-Side Economics

A

Stupid Reaganomics
Favored by Republicans
- favoritism of businesses
- lower taxes for them, independence
- more employment rate
- market will naturally stimulate

41
Q

IRS - Internal Revenue Service

A

Gvt agency that prescribes and regulations for tax revenues collection

42
Q

16th Amendment

A

Gave federal government ability to tax income

43
Q

Progressive Tax

A
  • higher percentages on higher incomes
  • the more money you make the higher percentages you’ll pay
  • favored by Democrats
  • republicans don’t like this cuz they cheap
44
Q

Flat Tax

A

Porportional Tax
- everyone pays the same percent regardless of income

45
Q

Monetary Policy

A

Controlling the flow of money through business rates
- how to fix the economy when we need it
- Federal Reserve
- Interest Rates

46
Q

Inflation

A

Decrease in dollar value
- rise in prices

47
Q

Federal Reserve Board

A
  • Interest rates for smaller banks
  • makes it either more difficult to get hands on money (if high) or easier (if low)
48
Q

Social Welfare

A

Policies that provide benefits to individuals, particularly to those in need

49
Q

Entitlement

A

If you meet the criteria, whatever that may be - entitled to money from the government
- have to be of a specific group
- Democrats support; republicans want to scale down

50
Q

Social Security Act - 1935

A

How much you’ve paid to social security and how long you’ve worked
- meant to supplement retirement income
- give old people a little something for how they’ve worked for US
- 6.2% of pay

51
Q

Means Test

A

Would you have the means to pay if we weren’t giving you money

52
Q

Medicare/Medicaid

A
  • 1.45% of your income
  • disabled aid (medicaid)
  • elderly (over 65) - (medicare)
  • have to meet qualifications
53
Q

Affordable Care Act (2010)

A

Reform healthcare by providing more Americans with Affordable healthcare and quality health insurance
- curving growth in healthcare spending

AP Government and Politics (6 decks)

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