Unit 5 Lecture 4 Flashcards
What type of joint is the knee?
Bicondyloid
Two condyles of femur articulate with what?
Two tibial plates
The patella articulates with what?
Patellar surface of femur
What are the menisci?
They are circular rims of fibrocartilage
What is the lateral menisci?
An incomplete circle
What shape is the medial menisci?
It’s c shaped
Vastus lateralis origin and insertion
Origin: femur
Insertion: tibia tuberosity
Action of vastus lateralis
Knee extension
Vastus medialis origin and insertion
Origin: femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
Action of Vastus medialis
Knee extension
Vastus intermedius origin and insertion
Origin: femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
Action of Vastus intermedius
Knee extension
Popilteus origin and insertion
Origin: femur
Insertion: tibia
Action of poplitues
Knee flexion
Pops the knee out of full extension
Gastrocnemius origin and insertion
Origin: femur
Insertion: Achilles tendon into calcaneus
Gastrocnemius actions
Knee flexion
Ankle plantar flexion
What is chrondromalacia?
Most common cause of chronic knee pain
What happens in chondromalacia?
Softening and degeneration of the cartilage under the patella
Is chondromalacia more common in male or females?
Females
What is prepatellar bursitis?
Housemaids knee
What is the most common knee pain in children?
Osgood Schlatter disease
Why does osgood shlatter disease happen?
Strong pull of the quads on the tibia, usually during growth spurt
What is osgood shlatter disease?
Inflammation of the growth plate at the tibial tuberosity
How much more do females tear their ACLs than males
4-8 times as often as males
Factors that may be related to ACL tears
Knocked knees
Less flexion
Activating quads first and not hammies
Wider hips
Hormones
Relatively weaker than males
What is knee arthroplasty?
Replacement of articulating surfaces of the knee due to arthritis
What type of joint is the ankle?
Hinge
What does the ankle articulate with
Talus with distal ends of tibia and fibula
What type of joint is the subtalar joint?
Saddle
What does the subtalar joint articulate with?
Talus and calcaneus
What are the three lateral ankle ligaments?
Anterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular
Posterior talofibular
What is the medial ankle ligament
Deltoid
What ankle sprain is more common inversion or eversion?
Inversion
What four things does the fascia compartments of the lower leg do?
Tightly bind muscles
Prevents swelling during exercise
AIDS venous return
Inward extensions of it divide the leg into three compartments
What are the three compartments of the lower leg?
Anterior
Lateral
Posterior
What is the common action of the anterior compartment of the leg?
Dorsi flexion
Tibialis anterior origin and insertion
Origin: tibia
Insertion: foot
Actions of tibialis anterior
Prime mover of dorsi flexion
Assists in supporting medial longitudinal arch
Extensor digitorum longus origin and insertion
Origin: lateral tibia and fibula
Insertion: toes 2-5
Actions of extensor digitorum longus
Prime mover of toe extension
Dorsi flexion
Extensor hallicus longus
Origin: fibula
Insertion: great toe
Actions of extensor hallicus longus
Prime mover of extension of the great toe
Dorsi flexion
What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg?
Peroneus longus and brevis
Actions of peronues longus and brevis
Plantar flexion and eversion
What do the peroneus longus and brevis stabilize?
Lateral ankle and lateral longitudinal arch
Muscles of the posterior compartment are all what?
Plantar flexors
What is superficial on the triceps surae?
Gastrocnemius
What is deeper and more distal on the triceps surae?
Soleus
Triceps surae insertion
Insertion: heal via the Achilles tendon
Triceps surae actions
Prime movers of plantar flexion
Soleus origin and insertion
Origin: posterior tibia and fibula
Insertion: Achilles tendon into calcaneus
Actions of Soleus
Plantar flexion
Postural control
Flexor digitorum longus origin and insertion
Origin: posterior tibia
Insertion: toes 2-5
Actions of flexor digitorum longus
Plantar flexion
Toe flexion
(Toe gripper)
Tibialis posterior origin and insertion
Origin: posterior tibia and fibula
Insertion: foot
Actions of tibialis posterior
Prime mover of inversion
Plantar flexion
Stabilizes medial longitudinal arch
Flexor hallicus longus origin and insertion
Origin: posterior fibula, interphase is membrane
Insertion: great toe
Actions of flexor hallicus longus
Prime mover of big toe
Plantar flexor
What three things compose the foot?
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Three important functions of the foot
Supports body weight
Acts as a lever to propel the body forward when walking
Segmentation makes foot pliable and adapted to uneven ground
Three arches of the foot
Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
Transverse arch
What two things maintain arches within the foot?
Interlocking shapes of tarsals
Ligaments and tendons
What is the plantar fascia?
Thick connective tissue that supports the arch of the foot
Where does the plantar fascia run?
From calcaneus to proximal phalanges
When the plantar fascia is released it acts like what?
A spring
What are shin splints?
Pain in the anterior shin at about mid level
What is Achilles tendinitis m?
Inflammation of the Achilles tendon 2 to 4 cm above its insertion in the calcaneus
What is Achilles tendon rupture called?
Avulsion
What is posterior tibial tendon dysfunction also called?
Acquired flat foot
What is posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?
Breakdown of the tibialis posterior muscle
What causes metatarsal stress fractures?
Repetitive stress on foot
What metatarsals are mostly effected by metatarsal stress fractures?
2nd and 3rd
