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Kinesiology > Unit 5 Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the knee?

A

Bicondyloid

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2
Q

Two condyles of femur articulate with what?

A

Two tibial plates

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3
Q

The patella articulates with what?

A

Patellar surface of femur

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4
Q

What are the menisci?

A

They are circular rims of fibrocartilage

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5
Q

What is the lateral menisci?

A

An incomplete circle

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6
Q

What shape is the medial menisci?

A

It’s c shaped

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7
Q

Vastus lateralis origin and insertion

A

Origin: femur

Insertion: tibia tuberosity

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8
Q

Action of vastus lateralis

A

Knee extension

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9
Q

Vastus medialis origin and insertion

A

Origin: femur

Insertion: tibial tuberosity

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10
Q

Action of Vastus medialis

A

Knee extension

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11
Q

Vastus intermedius origin and insertion

A

Origin: femur

Insertion: tibial tuberosity

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12
Q

Action of Vastus intermedius

A

Knee extension

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13
Q

Popilteus origin and insertion

A

Origin: femur

Insertion: tibia

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14
Q

Action of poplitues

A

Knee flexion
Pops the knee out of full extension

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15
Q

Gastrocnemius origin and insertion

A

Origin: femur

Insertion: Achilles tendon into calcaneus

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16
Q

Gastrocnemius actions

A

Knee flexion
Ankle plantar flexion

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17
Q

What is chrondromalacia?

A

Most common cause of chronic knee pain

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18
Q

What happens in chondromalacia?

A

Softening and degeneration of the cartilage under the patella

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19
Q

Is chondromalacia more common in male or females?

A

Females

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20
Q

What is prepatellar bursitis?

A

Housemaids knee

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21
Q

What is the most common knee pain in children?

A

Osgood Schlatter disease

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22
Q

Why does osgood shlatter disease happen?

A

Strong pull of the quads on the tibia, usually during growth spurt

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23
Q

What is osgood shlatter disease?

A

Inflammation of the growth plate at the tibial tuberosity

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24
Q

How much more do females tear their ACLs than males

A

4-8 times as often as males

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25
Q

Factors that may be related to ACL tears

A

Knocked knees
Less flexion
Activating quads first and not hammies
Wider hips
Hormones
Relatively weaker than males

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26
Q

What is knee arthroplasty?

A

Replacement of articulating surfaces of the knee due to arthritis

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27
Q

What type of joint is the ankle?

A

Hinge

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28
Q

What does the ankle articulate with

A

Talus with distal ends of tibia and fibula

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29
Q

What type of joint is the subtalar joint?

A

Saddle

30
Q

What does the subtalar joint articulate with?

A

Talus and calcaneus

31
Q

What are the three lateral ankle ligaments?

A

Anterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular
Posterior talofibular

32
Q

What is the medial ankle ligament

A

Deltoid

33
Q

What ankle sprain is more common inversion or eversion?

A

Inversion

34
Q

What four things does the fascia compartments of the lower leg do?

A

Tightly bind muscles
Prevents swelling during exercise
AIDS venous return
Inward extensions of it divide the leg into three compartments

35
Q

What are the three compartments of the lower leg?

A

Anterior
Lateral
Posterior

36
Q

What is the common action of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Dorsi flexion

37
Q

Tibialis anterior origin and insertion

A

Origin: tibia

Insertion: foot

38
Q

Actions of tibialis anterior

A

Prime mover of dorsi flexion
Assists in supporting medial longitudinal arch

39
Q

Extensor digitorum longus origin and insertion

A

Origin: lateral tibia and fibula

Insertion: toes 2-5

40
Q

Actions of extensor digitorum longus

A

Prime mover of toe extension
Dorsi flexion

41
Q

Extensor hallicus longus

A

Origin: fibula

Insertion: great toe

42
Q

Actions of extensor hallicus longus

A

Prime mover of extension of the great toe
Dorsi flexion

43
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

A

Peroneus longus and brevis

44
Q

Actions of peronues longus and brevis

A

Plantar flexion and eversion

45
Q

What do the peroneus longus and brevis stabilize?

A

Lateral ankle and lateral longitudinal arch

46
Q

Muscles of the posterior compartment are all what?

A

Plantar flexors

47
Q

What is superficial on the triceps surae?

A

Gastrocnemius

48
Q

What is deeper and more distal on the triceps surae?

A

Soleus

49
Q

Triceps surae insertion

A

Insertion: heal via the Achilles tendon

50
Q

Triceps surae actions

A

Prime movers of plantar flexion

51
Q

Soleus origin and insertion

A

Origin: posterior tibia and fibula

Insertion: Achilles tendon into calcaneus

52
Q

Actions of Soleus

A

Plantar flexion
Postural control

53
Q

Flexor digitorum longus origin and insertion

A

Origin: posterior tibia

Insertion: toes 2-5

54
Q

Actions of flexor digitorum longus

A

Plantar flexion
Toe flexion
(Toe gripper)

55
Q

Tibialis posterior origin and insertion

A

Origin: posterior tibia and fibula

Insertion: foot

56
Q

Actions of tibialis posterior

A

Prime mover of inversion
Plantar flexion
Stabilizes medial longitudinal arch

57
Q

Flexor hallicus longus origin and insertion

A

Origin: posterior fibula, interphase is membrane

Insertion: great toe

58
Q

Actions of flexor hallicus longus

A

Prime mover of big toe
Plantar flexor

59
Q

What three things compose the foot?

A

Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

60
Q

Three important functions of the foot

A

Supports body weight
Acts as a lever to propel the body forward when walking
Segmentation makes foot pliable and adapted to uneven ground

61
Q

Three arches of the foot

A

Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
Transverse arch

62
Q

What two things maintain arches within the foot?

A

Interlocking shapes of tarsals
Ligaments and tendons

63
Q

What is the plantar fascia?

A

Thick connective tissue that supports the arch of the foot

64
Q

Where does the plantar fascia run?

A

From calcaneus to proximal phalanges

65
Q

When the plantar fascia is released it acts like what?

A

A spring

66
Q

What are shin splints?

A

Pain in the anterior shin at about mid level

67
Q

What is Achilles tendinitis m?

A

Inflammation of the Achilles tendon 2 to 4 cm above its insertion in the calcaneus

68
Q

What is Achilles tendon rupture called?

A

Avulsion

69
Q

What is posterior tibial tendon dysfunction also called?

A

Acquired flat foot

70
Q

What is posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

A

Breakdown of the tibialis posterior muscle

71
Q

What causes metatarsal stress fractures?

A

Repetitive stress on foot

72
Q

What metatarsals are mostly effected by metatarsal stress fractures?

A

2nd and 3rd

Kinesiology (5 decks)

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