Unit 5: Key terms & questions

Question 1

Fundamental Laws of Connecticut, 1639

Answer 1

A close relationship between church & state. Every colony had a church tax-> money went to ministries and buildings.

Question 2

Congregationalist church

Answer 2

New England which is still around in the 1700s.

Puritans*

Question 3

Anglican Church

Answer 3

II.South: Anglican (The Church of England)

Question 4

Quakers

Answer 4

III.Middle colonies: Mixed religons which included the Quakers

vary group of people

ex:Episcopalian Church & Lutheran church.( small jewish communities, enslaved people religion (Islam) As they try to avoid religous conflict by being the same)

Question 5

First Great Awakening (1730-60s)

Answer 5

Big religious revival. There are a whole bunch of new denominations (churches) begin. People will begin to adopt the Methodist church, baptist church, etc.

Question 6

Jonathan Edwards, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

Answer 6

It emphasized God’s wrath upon non-believers after death to a very real, horrific, and fiery hells. The underlying point is that God has given humans a chance to confess their sins.

Original Sin*

Question 7

The Enlightment

Answer 7

The great ‘Age of Reason’

A period of rigorous scientific, political and philosophical discourse that characterized European society.

Question 8

Isaac Newton

Answer 8

Discovered gravity and physics. Invented calculus to explain gravity & planets moving.

Question 9

Deism

Answer 9

An enlightenment approach to religion. To apply science & reason to religious faith. Conflict between science & religion.

** Combine science & religion***

Question 10

God as watchmaker

Answer 10

No direct revelation or intervention in human affairs. Instead, God is more like a “watchmaker”

Question 11

Trinity

Answer 11

A 3 part God. So you have God, Jesus and the Holy spirit.

Question 12

Revelation

Answer 12

God revealing/ explaining himself to a person -> A prophet is made.

Question 13

Thomas Paine, ‘The Age of Reason’

Answer 13

He believed that everything the bible had stated was wrong. He believes in God but only one. If you want to learn about god… go outside…

* After he released this he fled the country

Question 14

Thomas Jefferson views on religion

Answer 14

He was quite religous and also was very understanding of Deism

Question 15

The Jefferson Bible

Answer 15

Got a razor and cut his bible up and only kept reasoning and science phrases

Jefferson always believed science was right… They seeked a universal way to accept any god-> Is in the constitution*

Question 16

Declaration of Indepence and religon

Answer 16

Allowed multiple religions not just 1 religion. Wanted the DOI to be inclusive and the concept of Religous Freedom.

Question 17

Laws of Nature, Nature’s God, Creator

Answer 17

General laws that Govern us to observe life overall. Which governs science and human behavior with science.

Question 18

Patrick Henry

Answer 18

Was against Jefferson. Believed established churches should stay since it kept morals & peace throughout society.

having a church limits bad behavior & morals

Question 19

Virginia Statue of Religious Freedom

Answer 19

In 1779, Jefferson had proposed a freedom of religious laws***

Get rid of church taxes. He says anyone can vote and do public manners without being overly religious.
–> he said it was sinful a “tyranny”

Question 20

The Constitution and religon

Answer 20

From Article 6: No more religious test is required for government positions.

The First Amendment: Congress can not make any laws respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise.

Question 21

Limits on Religious Freedom in the 1700s-80s

Answer 21

It’s different state by state. Some still have established churches while others don’t believe it’s needed.

Question 22

Established Church

Answer 22

A church that is recognize by law as the official church of a nation or state and supported by the government.

Question 23

Disestablishment

Answer 23

Removing the law that created established churches. They will still exist but wont get anymore tax money.

Question 24

Lyman Beecher

Answer 24

The First Congregational church of Litchfield, Ct. Built in 1721… in which Lyman Beecher was the minister there.

Question 25

Second Great Awakening

Answer 25

“A new religious revival”
-No one had been going to church… but during this era church attendance had risen again.

1. Emotional Style: more people got connected with god emotionally.
2. Self-improvement: Improve their behavior.
3. Social Reform: Join reforms such as Anti-slavery movement. It is a sin to have slaves.
4. Women: Became very interested in this and learn the way to God. To become moral and have religious faith in their family.

Question 26

Charles Finney

Answer 26

A lawyer who converted into travel ministries. Got in contact with the emotional side of god that led to his new life.

Question 27

Religion and reformers

Answer 27

Religion became an enjoyable task for most citizens which helped them improve drastically emotionally and spiritually.

-Instead of having to pay taxes for religous things people dont support.

Question 28

Missionaries

Answer 28

raveling churches aka. missionaries. Which allow the spread of the gospel.

Question 29

Temperance Movement (1826)

Answer 29

Called on people for self-improvement to stop drinking or drink less.

“Live a chirst like”–> Alcohol is hurting eachother and causing harm which could lead to poverty, lost of friends, and death by suicide.

Question 30

Dorthea Dix

Answer 30

Founding and expanding more than 30 hospitals for the treatment of the mentally ill.

Question 31

American Bible Society (1810)

Answer 31

Printed out bibles to give them out for “free”. Everyone can have access and accept god.

Question 32

Eastern State Penitentiary

Answer 32

Would create better lives for prisoners and make their lives better.