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ap gov > unit 5: executive branch > Flashcards

unit 5: executive branch Flashcards

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1
Q

how is prime minister chosen vs president

A

the president is directly elected by the people and the prime minister is chosen by parliament

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2
Q

it’s easier for candidates to get elected if..

A

they’re outsiders because then they’re not associated with the “mess in washington”

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3
Q

prime minister is always an “insider” because

A

they’re a member a of parliament

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4
Q

can a sitting member of congress hold office in the executive branch?

A

no

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5
Q

where do president and prime minister get their cabinet members?

A

the president can choose anyone to be a cabinet member while the prime minister chooses cabinet members from parliament

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6
Q

divided government

A

when one party controls the white house and the other controls one or both chambers of congress

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7
Q

unified government

A

when the same party controls the white house and both chambers of congress

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8
Q

gridlock

A

the inability of the government to act because rival parties control different parts of government

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9
Q

president must be how old

A

at least 35 years old

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10
Q

president citizen requirements

A

must be a natural born citizen, and reside in the US for at least 14 years

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11
Q

what is the president’s salary and how is it determined

A

as of 2001, congress has determined the salary to be $400,000

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12
Q

president’s role in the military

A

the president is the Commander in Chief of the Armed forces

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13
Q

how many electors are there?

A

538; it’s equal to the number of the senators and representatives plus 3 electors to represent DC

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14
Q

president powers shared with the senate

A

with senate Advice and Consent, the president can appoint people to high public positions and create treaties

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15
Q

State of the Union

A

The president addresses congress and gives them information about the state of country and what plans they have to make going further to address any issues or concerns

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16
Q

president can be impeached/removed from office for…

A

treason
bribery
high crimes/misdemeanors

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17
Q

powers of the president

A

M.A.L.D
- military power
- appointment power
- legislative power
- diplomatic power

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18
Q

how did andrew jackson expand the presidency

A
  • he used the spoil system to award followers with presidential appointments
  • heavily used veto privelege
  • asserted national power when attacking South Carolina for nullifcation law
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19
Q

how did lincoln expand the presidency

A
  • assumed powers no president before had claimed such as suspending habeas corpus and jailing people for disloyalty
  • ignored congress and expanded size of the army
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20
Q

how did theodore roosevelt expand the presidency

A
  • worked closely with congress, defining his legislative powers
  • took lead in developing the US as an international power
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21
Q

how did woodrow wilson expand the presidency

A
  • formulated bills that congress considered
  • took a leading role in international affairs due to WWI
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22
Q

constitutional powers of the president

A

-Commander in chief of the armed forces
-Grant reprieves and pardons for federal offenses except impeachment
-Convene congress in special sessions
-Receive ambassadors
-Take care that the laws be faithfully executed
-Wield the “executive power
-Appoint officials to lesser offices

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23
Q

“Take care that the laws be faithfully executed”

A

a very elastic phrase in the constitution that has been used to broaden the scope of the president’s power

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24
Q

what’s the greatest source of presidential power

A

politics and public opinion

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25
Q

original ideas for presidency

A
  • hamilton proposed executive monarchy
  • other proposed a national executive
  • some wanted executive power to be checked by a council
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26
Q

how did george washington effect the evolution of the presidency

A

washington set the precendent for how the president should operate

27
Q

founders concerns about reelection

A

that some presidents would be corrupt and do whatever it takes to stay in their position even past the four year term

27
Q

founders concerns about treaties

A

some worried that if the president share treaty making with the senate, the president would be directed by minions and favorites and would become a tool of the senate

28
Q

Electoral college

A

The people chosen to cast each state’s votes in a presidential election. Each state can cast one electoral vote for each senator and representative it has. The district of columbia has three electoral votes, even though it cannot elect a representative or senator

29
Q

22nd amendment

A

after FDR had 4 terms, this amendment was created which constitutionally restricted president’s to two terms

30
Q

what three audiences are president’s persuaive powers aimed at

A

fellow leaders/politicians in washington dc, party activists and office holders outside of washington, the general public

31
Q

presidential persuasion of fellow leaders/politicians

A

-the white House’s power depends on the president’s reputation among colleagues
-If a president has a reputation for being smart or cool then they’re likely to be an effective president

32
Q

presidential persuasion of party activists

A

-These people want the president to represent their principles and to appeal to their fears and hopes and help them get reelected
–since partisan activities increasingly have ideological orientation towards politics, they will expect “their” president to make speeches that confirm a shared sense of purse

33
Q

presidential persuasion of the general public

A
  • this audience holds many different views and interest
  • presidents recognize any word, they say will be heavily scrutinized from tone, intonation, inflection, and otherwise any other aspect of it
34
Q

why do presidents now rely on prepare speeches

A

in order to avoid any political errors and scrutiny

35
Q

bully pulpit

A

the presidents use of prestige and visibility to guide or mobilize the american public

36
Q

why should congress care about a president’s personal popularity?

A

because congress can benefit from the president for example a popular president at the top of a ticket means that their party will have more candidates elected into congress

37
Q

The higher a president’s personal popularity…

A

the higher proportion of presidential bills that congress will pass

38
Q

veto message

A

message from the president to Congress stating that a bill passed in both chambers will not be signed. Must be produced within 10 days of a bill passing.

39
Q

when is a president’s popularity the highest?

A

right after an election

40
Q

pocket veto

A

a bill fails to become law because the president did not sign it within 10 days before congress adjourns

41
Q

how can congress override a veto message?

A

with a 2/3 majority in both chambers

42
Q

line item veto

A

an executive’s ability to block a particular provision in a bill passed by the legislature

43
Q

impoundment of funds

A

some presidents have refused to spend funds appropriated by congress since constitution doesn’t state that they must spend money appropriated by congress but they can’t spend money congress hasn’t appropriated

43
Q

executive privileges

A

Despite not being stated in the constitution, executive act as though they have the privilege of confidentiality through private communications with principal advisors

44
Q

Budget reform act 1974

A

requires the president to spend all appropriate funds unless congress is told what funds should not be spent and then congress agrees within 45 days to delta the items

45
Q

Signing statement

A

A presidential document that reveals what the president thinks of a new law and how it ought to be enforced

45
Q

Executive orders

A

A presidential directive that calls for action within the executive branch

46
Q

Personality plays a more important role in…

A

presidency than being a congress member

47
Q

Rule of propinquity

A

idea that the greater in proximity you are to the president, the better influence and power you have and stronger the relationship is

48
Q

3 degrees of propinquity are

A

white house office, executive office, and the cabinet

49
Q

the white house office

A

-includes the president’s closest assistants that have their offices in the white house west wing and oversee the political and policy interests of the president

50
Q

pyramid structure

A

a president’s subordinates report to him through a clear chain of command headed by a chief of staff

51
Q

pros/cons of the pyramid structure

A

Pros: orderly flow of information and decisions
Cons: risks isolation or misinforming the president

52
Q

circular structure

A

several of the president’s assistants report directly to him

53
Q

pros/cons of circular structure

A

Pros: gives president a great deal of information
Cons: there could be confusion and conflict among secretaries

54
Q

ad hoc structure

A

several subordinates. Cabinet officers, and committees report directly to the president on different matters

55
Q

pros of ad hoc structure

A

minimizes bureaucratic inertia and generates ideas and information from separate channels

56
Q

cons of ad hoc structure

A

risks cutting president off from official who are ultimately responsible for turning presidential decisions into policy proposal sand administrative action

57
Q

the executive office

A

-Agencies in the EOP (executive office of the president) report directly to the president and perform staff services but they’re not located in the white house
-Top positions in these agencies are acquired by presidential appointment but these have to receive senate approval

58
Q

cabinet

A

the heads of the 15 executive branch departments of the federal government

59
Q

15 cabinets

A

State
Treasury
Defense
Justice
Interior
Agriculture
Commerce
Labor
Health and human services
Housing and Urban development
Transportation
Energy
Education
Veteran affairs
Homeland security

60
Q

federalist 70

A

made by hamilton to justify a single executive/president
- anti federalists were scared of a single person holding executive power and proposed a council of executives
- executive needs to have energy and having a single executive enables them to act efficiently and decisively
- two benefits of energy are unity and responsibility:
- unity is conducive to energy and so if there’s multiple presidents the room for division which can be a problem in a state of emergency
- responsibility follows as if there’s multiple executives and one is corrupt, it’ll be hard to truly locate who whereas a single executive would be the only one to blame

ap gov (9 decks)

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