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ap gov > unit 3: linkage institutions > Flashcards

unit 3: linkage institutions Flashcards

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1
Q

history of voting rights

A

constitution left power to decide who votes to the states –> property owning white men
-andrew jackson changed it to all white men
-15th amendment added black men
-17th amendment allowed for senators to be elected by the people
-19th amendment added women to vote
-24th amendment removed the poll tax
26th amendment lowered voting age to 18

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2
Q

rational choice voting

A

voting based on self interest and making a rational choice for one’s self

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3
Q

retrospective voting

A

voting based on the recent past of a politician

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4
Q

prospective voting

A

voting based on predictions of how party/candidate will perform in the future

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5
Q

party line voting

A

voting for all candidates in one party

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6
Q

voter turnout is effected by…

A

structural barriers, political efficacy, demographics, and types of elections

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7
Q

structural barriers to voting

A

laws that prevent voters from voting such as voter ID laws

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8
Q

political efficacy

A

a citizen’s belief about whether their vote matters

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9
Q

what affects voters choices for voting

A

-political ideology
-partisanship
-candidate characteristics
-social issues
-religion, gender, race

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10
Q

linkage institution

A

societal structure that connects people to their government and political process

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11
Q

4 linkage institutions

A

political parties, interest groups, elections, media

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12
Q

political party

A

organization defined by a certain ideological belief that puts forward candidates for election

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13
Q

goals of political parties

A

-mobilize and educate voters -> getting ppl on board with their candidate
-write/publish a party platform
-finding quality candidates
-provide campaign management and support for their candidate

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14
Q

party realignment

A

usually occurs after a major loss and so the party realizes it has to realign it’s values to appeal to the electorate

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15
Q

how party structure is altered

A

-party realignment
-campaign finance changes
-communication/data management technology

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16
Q

third parties will never win because

A
  1. winner takes all system
  2. majority parties will adopt third party platforms into their own platforms
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17
Q

proportional system

A

this system would work well in favor of third parties because you get the percent of seats with the percent of the vote that you win

18
Q

interest groups

A

a group of people who gather around a policy issue in order to persuade policy makers to pass legislation favorable to the group
-ex: NRA, PETA, NAACP

19
Q

goals of interest groups

A
  1. educate voters
  2. lobbying –> meeting with legislators to convince them to pass favorable legislation
  3. drafting legislation
  4. mobilizing members to pressure/work with legislators and government agencies
20
Q

iron triangle

A

relationship between interest groups, congress, and the bureaucracy

21
Q

members of congress are helped by interest groups…

A

-interest groups provide them with policy info
-interest groups give campaign donations to representatives that are sympathetic towards their goals

22
Q

hindrances to interest groups

A

-unequal access to decision makers and resources
-free rider issue

23
Q

how political actors affects policy

A
  1. social and protest movements get national attention
  2. interest groups then propose potential legislation to lawmakers
  3. political parties and bureaucracy get involved with actual lawmaking
  4. when it’s time to implement/execute the law, bureaucratic agencies figure out the rules and regulations to accomplish
  5. the law is either implemented well or not
24
Q

election process

A
  1. candidate earns party nomination by winning primaries
  2. party will usually keep current president if they have one
  3. election day occurs and electoral college selects the winner
25
Q

electoral college

A

winner takes all system for each state

26
Q

faithless electors

A

those who vote against the popular vote

27
Q

congressional elections occur…

A

every 2 years

28
Q

incumbency advantage

A

-name recognition
-track record
-established funding

29
Q

campaigns are so expensive because

A

-the campaigning period increases since states are holding primaries earlier and earlier
-advertisements

30
Q

FECA

A

oversaw and regulated money spent in political campaigns
-created limits for how much money a person could give a political candidate and how much money candidates could spend during their campaign

31
Q

hard money

A

contributions directly given to a candidate

32
Q

soft money

A

money donated to party or interest group who can buy advertising on behalf of the candidate
-is not subject to campaign finance laws

33
Q

BCRA

A

-increased the amount of hard money that could be spent
-placed regulations on soft money

34
Q

PAC (political action committee)

A

raise money for the sake of influencing the population to vote for their preferred candidate
-connected pacs
-non connected pacs
-super pacs

35
Q

connected PACS

A

formed by corporations or labor unions
-can only collect funds from members
-can raise unlimited money but it can be donated to candidates ONLY in LIMITED quantities

36
Q

non-connected PACS

A

formed independently of an organization, usually around a specific public interest
-donations to non-connected PACs are limited by law
-can accept donations from the public and donate directly to candidates

37
Q

super pacs

A

can be formed by anyone
-can accept unlimited donations
-cannot directly coordinate with a candidate

38
Q

roles of the media

A

-watchdog
-gatekeeper
-scorekeeper

39
Q

watchdog role of media

A

media serves to keep close watch on government which keeps them in line and motivates them to make good decisions

40
Q

scorekeeper role of media

A

media keeps us updated on elections and the tendency to report more so about candidate’s wins and losses rather than policy choices

41
Q

gatekeeper role of media

A

media controls what information the public does and does not have access to

ap gov (9 decks)

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