(unit 5) Economic Connections Flashcards
Fossil Fuels
oil, natural gas, and coal that form from decayed plant and animal material formed in sedimentary rock
Starvation
extreme form of hunger where body tissues break down trying to provide protein and energy.
Conventional
was/is used for a long time like oil, natural gas, hydro-electric, coal, & nuclear electricity
Shaft Mining
EXTRACTS MINERALS DEEP INTO THE EARTH
(USING EXPLOSIVES)
Open Pit Mining
extracts minerals from an open pit in the ground (CAN GO DEEP INTO THE EARTH)
Hydro
source of energy are rivers w/ significant changes in elevation
Nuclear
radioactive breakdown of uranium atoms
Secondary
processing primary industry resources into products including manufacturing and construction
Water Tables
The top of the saturated zone
Famine
when a country or region does not have enough food to feed its population temporarily.
Cooperatives
a type of agribusiness where each farmer owns their own share and recieves the benefit from it, and profits are divided according to amount of shares they put in.
(also pools money to share farming equipment.)
Agribusiness
public or private company that involves multiple farmers
Alternative
an energy source that is beginning to be used more frequently
-wind, solar & biomass energy
Malnutrition
health is being damaged by an unhealthy diet that doesn’t meet their needs
-under nutrition or over nutrition
Petajoule
unit measured by a very large amount of energy
Run-off
Water that flows across lands, into rivers and lakes and eventually into the ocean
Tertiary
largest sector of industry that support primary and secondary industries + serve society as a whole.
Drainage Basins
Areas drained by a river and it’s tributaries (a river that flows into a larger river)
-canada has 5
Green Revolution
advances in agriculture common in developed worlds being “exported” to developing worlds in ww2
Vertical Integration
a business arrangement where different parts of manufacturing is managed by different companies
Industrial Minerals
a natural rock/mineral that has economic value
Wetlands
Areas saturated by water (marshes, bogs, swamps) giving habitat for diff. insects
Metallic Minerals
metals that conduct electricity
Thermal
source of burning coal, oil, gas, wood, or garbage to create steam
Primary Industry
takes raw materials from their natural state and use them in manufacturing
-agriculture(farming), mining, forestry, fishing, oil, and natural gas
Groundwater
water soaks into the ground through soil, sand, gravel, and porous rock
Discharge Rate
the amount of water that flows through a drainage basin per month or yr
There are two types of manufacturing. Explain them through the use of examples
Primary and Secondary manufacturing.
- Primary
harvests raw minerals like steel/metals
- Secondary
makes appliances from steel/other metals
Through the use of an example, what is meant by the term “multiplier effect’?
effect on an economy by expansion or contraction.
Eg. every basic job = 3 non basic job made
every job lost = 3 non basic job lost
if 300 jobs are lost in an industry, 900 non-basic jobs are lost.
Through the use of an example, explain the term “selective breeding”
a method used to improve the quality of livestock/organism by selectively breeding.
ex. a cow can be selectively bred to yield more meat and milk.
What are GMO’s? give one argument for and against them
made by moving desirable genes from one to another.
for:
quicker results compared to selective breeding
reduce amounts of herbicides
resist disease
against:
benifits company not society
huge costs buying seeds each szn
fear of disrupting the environment
consumers have no idea what they’re buying bc theres no law to add labels
Explain the term “sustainable agriculture” and a few ways to go about it
PRACTICES OF AGRICUlTURE PRODUCTION WITHOUT HARMIING THE ENVIRONMENT
-LARGE, LIGHTWEIGHT TREES THAT DONT HArm the ENVIRONMENT
-neutral FERTILIZERS THAT AVOID HARMFUL CHEMICALS/HERBIEDES/PESTICIDE EFFECTS
-CROP ROTATION (IMPROVES CROP fertility)
Explain the pros and cons of using the following in today’s farming. Explain.
-fertilizers
-Herbicides
-Pesticides
Fertilizers
pro:
-increase yeild/profit
con:
-excessive GROWTH OF ALGAE, REMOVING OXYGEN FROM WATER, AND EFFECTS HEALTH OF FISH
herbicides:
pro:
-increase yeilds and profits
-kills weeds nd makes crops grow more easily w/o pest interference for sunlight/water
cons:
harmful to wildlife/humans
PESTICIDES:
PRO:
-INCREASE YEILD/PROFIT
-KILLS INSECTS TAHT DESTROY FRUIT, VEGGIES, GRAINS, AND TREES
CON:
KILLS USEFUL SPECIES
DISTURBS NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS, CAUSING PEST POPULATION TO INCREASE
BUGS DEVELOP STRONGER PEST resistance=STRONGER CHEMICALS
