(unit 3) Canadian Connections/Methods of Geographic inquiry

Question 1

Moraines

Answer 1

hills or ridges with thin soil and swamps from ice sheets/glaciers
have deposited along the edges

Question 2

Drumlins

Answer 2

egg shaped hills
-one wide steep side and the other more gentle

Question 3

Eskers

Answer 3

formed when rivers flowing in or under melting glaciers, that are depositing sand/gravel

Question 4

Canadian Shield

Answer 4

makes up half of Canada and it is mostly made up of igneous and metamorphic rocks

Question 5

Lake Agassiz

Answer 5

was a huge lake from an ice sheet that submerged canada before it drained

Question 6

Tundra

Answer 6

vegetation region found in the north-most cold climates and does not have trees but had bushes grasses and mosses instead

Question 7

Leaching

Answer 7

removal of minerals on the top layer, and moving them downwards
-occurs in wet climates

Question 8

Calcification

Answer 8

evaporation of water going to the surface placing minerals upwards
-occurs in dry climates

Question 9

Plate Tectonics

Answer 9

a theory that our Earths outer shell is made up of about 20 plates that constantly are moving

Question 10

Maritime Climate

Answer 10

temperature range between highest and lowest monthly average temperature is small and precipitation level is higher

Question 11

Continental Climate

Answer 11

far from oceans and large lakes
-interior of land masses have a continental climate

Question 12

Faulting

Answer 12

is fractures in bedrock along where movement has taken place and appear in the earths crust by stress of convention currents that occur in the mantle, if rock is brittle or bends quick, it breaks and forms a fault

-known when one block is displaced vertically in comparison to the other

Question 13

Folding

Answer 13

pressure being pushed into the middle of the earths crust
-pressure buckles or folds into a series of ridges
(rockies and appalachian)

Question 14

Potash

Answer 14

Made when ancient seas evaporated leaving mineral deposits

Question 15

Fjords

Answer 15

narrow deep inlets of sea between high cliffs

Question 16

Humus

Answer 16

dark upper layer of soil made up of partially decayed material

Question 17

Continental Glaciers

Answer 17

moves outwards under their own weight due to accumulation of snow and ice giving the landcape a smoother surface.

Question 18

Alpine Glaciers

Answer 18

forms in mountains and moves down valleys by gravity sharpening the features of the mountain

Question 19

Ecological Footprint

Answer 19

everybody has an impact on the environment by the way we live

Question 20

Explain how and when Canadas fossil fuels were created

Answer 20

these were created during the mesozoic era when canada’s location was much closer to the equator. the plants and organisms, that lived in and around canada’s ancient seas died and were trapped beneath layers of sedimentary rock.

Question 21

Identify the two classes of trees.
-what are the names of them?
-Describe them
-Which is better suited to harsher climates? Explain

Answer 21

Coniferous and Deciduous
Coniferous:
evergreen, cone bearing, “Christmas tree” (soft wood)
Deciduous:
broad leafed tree that loses leaves every fall (hard wood)
Coniferous is better suited to harsher climates because their long roots enable them to extract nutrients from poor soils. And sticky sap acts as an antifreeze + prevents needles from freezing

Question 22

What are greenhouse gases?
give 2 examples

Answer 22

gases that exist naturally in small amounts that absorb the suns energy before it can escape the atmosphere.
-carbon dioxide
-water vapour
-methane
-nitrons oxide

Question 23

Do we need greenhouse gases? Explain

Answer 23

we need them because the gases retain the sun’s heat. otherwise, we’d become a barren planet without them and it would be too cold to sustain life.
EP: mars is a barren planet

Question 24

Striations

Answer 24

-grooves gouged in bedrock
-formed by rocks frozen in a huge glacier
-moves in the same direction as a glacier

Question 25

Spillways

Answer 25

-deep, wide valleys
-formed by glacial meltwaters

Question 26

Misfit Streams

Answer 26

-located within spillways
- appears when meltwater is gone

Question 27

Till Plains

Answer 27

-gently rolling landscape
-formed from glacial deposits of clay, sand and gravel

Question 28

Lake Plains

Answer 28

-fertile, flat plains
-formed by glacial deposits of meltwater and silt

Question 29

Erratic’s

Answer 29

-rock that has been displaced by a glacier