unit 5 - DNA replication, cell cycle, cancer vocab Flashcards
anaphase
- 3rd phase of mitosis
- sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell
cancer
uncontrolled cell division & growth
antiparallel
parallel, but oriented in opposite directions
cell cycle
- cell reproduction
- interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
cellular processes
any process that is carried out at the cellular level (cell transport, photosynthesis, cell respiration)
centromere
point where 2 sister chromatids meet (center point)
chromosome
DNA containing structure that carries genetic material in the form of genes from one generation to the next. (condensed chromatin structure)
cytokinesis
- final stage of mitosis
- cytoplasm division creates new cell
daughter cell
- 1 of 2 cells formed during cell division
- identical to parent cell
DNA stands for…
deoxyribonucleic acid
diploid
having two copies of each chromosome (2 sets of chromosome)
g0 phase
resting phase of a cell in which the cell is neither dividing nor preparing to divide (ex-brain cell)
g1 phase
- 1st stage of interphase
- cell prepares to divide
- protein synthesis needed for growth & DNA replication
- normal functions
g2 phase
- 3rd stage of interphase
- cell prepares to divide
- protein synthesis needed for mitosis
- organelles manufactured (division prep)
haploid
half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell (1 set of chromosomes)
hydrogen bond
- weak chemical bond between paired nitrogenous bases of the two strands of DNA
- form the rungs of the DNA ladder
m phase
- 2nd stage of cell cycle
- nuclear material divides
malignant
referring to:
- to cells that grow uncontrollably
- invade nearby tissues & spread to other parts of body
metaphase
- 2nd phase of mitosis
- sister chromatids are pulled to the midline of cell
mitosis
- 2nd stage of cell cycle
- cell dividing process happens
nucleotide
- monomer of DNA/RNA
- phosphate group, 5-C sugar (pentose), nitrogenous base
okazaki fragment
short segment of DNA synthesized discontinuously in small segments in the 3’ - 5’ direction
prophase
- 1st phase of mitosis
- chromatin condenses into chromosomes
- nuclear membrane & nucleolus disintegrates
- spindle fibers form & connect to centromeres
s phase
- 2nd stage of interphase
- DNA replication
somatic cells
diploid cell of the body
spindle fibers
groups of microtubules that attach to chromosomes during cell division
- move chromosomes during mitosis
telophase
- 4th stage of mitosis
- spindle fibers disappear
- nucleoli/nuclear membranes reappear
tumor
abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells grow and divide more than they should
benign
a diseased state that is not necessarily harmful
