unit 5 - DNA replication, cell cycle, cancer vocab

Question 1

anaphase

Answer 1

• 3rd phase of mitosis
• sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell

Question 2

cancer

Answer 2

uncontrolled cell division & growth

Question 3

antiparallel

Answer 3

parallel, but oriented in opposite directions

Question 4

cell cycle

Answer 4

• cell reproduction
• interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

Question 5

cellular processes

Answer 5

any process that is carried out at the cellular level (cell transport, photosynthesis, cell respiration)

Question 6

centromere

Answer 6

point where 2 sister chromatids meet (center point)

Question 7

chromosome

Answer 7

DNA containing structure that carries genetic material in the form of genes from one generation to the next. (condensed chromatin structure)

Question 8

cytokinesis

Answer 8

• final stage of mitosis
• cytoplasm division creates new cell

Question 9

daughter cell

Answer 9

• 1 of 2 cells formed during cell division
• identical to parent cell

Question 10

DNA stands for…

Answer 10

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 11

diploid

Answer 11

having two copies of each chromosome (2 sets of chromosome)

Question 12

g0 phase

Answer 12

resting phase of a cell in which the cell is neither dividing nor preparing to divide (ex-brain cell)

Question 13

g1 phase

Answer 13

• 1st stage of interphase
• cell prepares to divide
• protein synthesis needed for growth & DNA replication
• normal functions

Question 14

g2 phase

Answer 14

• 3rd stage of interphase
• cell prepares to divide
• protein synthesis needed for mitosis
• organelles manufactured (division prep)

Question 15

haploid

Answer 15

half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell (1 set of chromosomes)

Question 16

hydrogen bond

Answer 16

• weak chemical bond between paired nitrogenous bases of the two strands of DNA
• form the rungs of the DNA ladder

Question 18

m phase

Answer 18

• 2nd stage of cell cycle
• nuclear material divides

Question 19

malignant

Answer 19

referring to:
- to cells that grow uncontrollably
- invade nearby tissues & spread to other parts of body

Question 20

metaphase

Answer 20

• 2nd phase of mitosis
• sister chromatids are pulled to the midline of cell

Question 21

mitosis

Answer 21

• 2nd stage of cell cycle
• cell dividing process happens

Question 22

nucleotide

Answer 22

• monomer of DNA/RNA
• phosphate group, 5-C sugar (pentose), nitrogenous base

Question 23

okazaki fragment

Answer 23

short segment of DNA synthesized discontinuously in small segments in the 3’ - 5’ direction

Question 24

prophase

Answer 24

• 1st phase of mitosis
• chromatin condenses into chromosomes
• nuclear membrane & nucleolus disintegrates
• spindle fibers form & connect to centromeres

Question 25

s phase

Answer 25

• 2nd stage of interphase
• DNA replication

Question 26

somatic cells

Answer 26

diploid cell of the body

Question 27

spindle fibers

Answer 27

groups of microtubules that attach to chromosomes during cell division
- move chromosomes during mitosis

Question 28

telophase

Answer 28

• 4th stage of mitosis
• spindle fibers disappear
• nucleoli/nuclear membranes reappear

Question 29

tumor

Answer 29

abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells grow and divide more than they should

Question 30

benign

Answer 30

a diseased state that is not necessarily harmful